1. Subjective QOL of people with Arthritis RoseAnne Misajon Robert A. Cummins

2. Subjective Quality of Life Seven Domains: - Material well-being - Health - Productivity - Intimacy - Safety - Community - Emotional well-being Mean group scores range between 70-80%SM

3. Control Strategies Primary Control: - behaviours and/or cognitions directed at external environment - attempts made to change world in order to fit needs/desires of individual SELECTIVE Investment of internal resources such as effort, time, ability COMPENSATORY Use of external resources & other people’s skills when internal resources are insufficient

4. Control Strategies Secondary Control: - targeted at the internal processes -influences psychological impact of realities on self by serving to minimize losses in, maintain, and expand existing levels of primary control SELECTIVE Promotes commitment to a chosen goal COMPENSATORY Effort made to buffer the negative effects of failure on the individual’s self- esteem & motivation resources

5. Other variables examined PAIN Disability & Intensity PERSONALITY Extraversion & Neuroticism

6. Hypotheses Subjective Quality of Life Arthritis < Control Control Strategies Arthritis > Control Pain Arthritis > Control Personality Extraversion +ve association with SQOL Neuroticism –ve association with SQOL

7. Method (Subjects) Control GroupN = 96 Males:N = 29 (30%) (mean age = 53) Females:N = 67 (70%)(mean age = 50) Arthritis GroupN = 167 Males: N = 51 (30.5%)(mean age = 65) Females:N = 116 (70.5%)(mean age = 63) Years with arthritis: 1-70 years (mean = 17years) Types of arthritis: wide variety (Osteoarthritis & Rheumatoid arthritis most common)

8. Method (Materials) 1) Demographic Data 2) Primary & Secondary Control Scale (Maher et al., 2001) - selective control (both primary & secondary items) - compensatory control (secondary items only) 3) Comprehensive Quality of Life Scale: Subjective (Cummins, 1993) - 2 subscales (satisfaction & importance) - 7 domains 4) Chronic Pain Grade questionnaire (Smith, Penny, et al., 1997) - pain disability & pain intensity 5) Extraversion & Neuroticism (NEO)

9. Results Subjective Quality of Life Arthritis < Control  Satisfaction - health: Arthritis < Control  - overall: Arthritis < Control  (72%SM) (78%SM) Control group also more satisfied in domain of productivity

10. Results Control Strategies Selective: Arthritis > Control  Compensatory: Arthritis > Control  Pain Pain disability:Arthritis > Control  Pain intensity: Arthritis > Control  Personality Extraversion:Arthritis < Control Neuroticism:Arthritis > Control

11. Results For both group, SQOL was: - positively associated with extraversion  - negatively associated with neuroticism  For the Control group, SQOL was also: - negatively associated with compensatory control For the Arthritis group, SQOL was also: - negatively associated with pain disability

12. Results Predictors of SQOL Control GrpArthritis Grp Selective controlXX Compensatory controlXX Extraversion   Neuroticism   Pain disabilityX  Pain intensityXX

13. Results Compensatory control: -positively associated with pain disability and pain intensity for both groups Selective control: - positively associated with extraversion for the control group - positively associated with pain disability and pain intensity for the arthritis group

14. Conclusions People with Arthritis reported - lower SQOL & extraversion - higher neuroticism, pain (disability & intensity), and control strategies (selective & compensatory) Personality (extraversion & neuroticism) was a significant predictor of SQOL Pain disability, not pain intensity, predicted SQOL for the arthritis group Compensatory control strategies were associated with pain