1. 15.06.2015Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main gsiVI 16/06 1 v1 & v2-Flow: BAROMETRY @ HiMu-RHIC - pinning down the Order of the Phase Transition Horst Stöcker, FIAS Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies 1 Outreach to hi-mu=300-600MeV@HiMu-RHIC 2 v1, v2- Flow change sign at critical point: 1. & 2. Order Phase Transition (T,mu)-critical 3 v1 Bounce-Off Excitation fct. Collapse @ 4 v2 Squeeze-Out Exc. fct.: 2+2 to 8+8 AGeV 5 Machshock- angles measure speed of sound: the case for asymmetric collisions Barbara Betz Marcus Bleicher Adrian Dumitru Kerstin Paech Hannah Petersen Dirk Rischke Stefan Schramm Gebhardt Zeeb Detlef Zschiesche Elena Bratkovskaya Xianglei Zhu

2. 15.06.2015Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main gsiVI 16/06 2 RHIC- Time evolution in T-Mu_B Plane UrQMD Bravina - looks thermal after 5 fm/c! Time-Evolution UrQMD 2Ecm=18 Ecrit 4+4 2+2 FK 1. Order phase transition RHIC BiS ? mu crit

3. 15.06.2015Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main gsiVI 16/06 3 Ideal Hadron Gas: mu -crit@ S/A =13-18! G. Zeeb Fo-K BiSBiS BiS

4. 15.06.2015Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main gsiVI 16/06 4 IG-Results differ strongly from Chiral SU(3) hadron model mu -crit@S/A=7-10! D. Zschiesche, G. Zeeb BiS

5. 15.06.2015Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main gsiVI 16/06 5 QGP – EOS: D.D.overlap initialization B.Betz u. G. Zeeb Entropy vs. Ecm

6. 15.06.2015Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main gsiVI 16/06 6 Chiral SU(3) Hadron isentropic exp. model: Elab=10-40 AGeV Ecm = 2+2–6+6 AGeV D. Zschiesche, G. Zeeb

7. 15.06.2015Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main gsiVI 16/06 7 Huge Fluctuations in Energy-(Baryon-?) Density Critical Point 1 st order phase transition  e e ~ 1  e e << 1 Paech, Dumitru, HST

8. 15.06.2015Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main gsiVI 16/06 8 SPSRHICAGS Fluctuations and flow: V 2 Paech+Dumitru E877 NA49 STAR  e/e Inhomogeneities! v2 Hi-mu RHIC!

9. Excitation Function: Elliptic flow Collapse of proton flow at 40AGeV? provides universal scaling NA49 PRC C68 034903 (2003)

10. 15.06.2015Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main gsiVI 16/06 10 Hydro at too low energy: P.T. not reached proton v1=px/pt rise linearly Brachmann, Paech, Dumitru

11. 15.06.2015Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main gsiVI 16/06 11 6 AGeV: Flow of Baryons linear: No Phase Transition -but also no single thermalized source! Strange Baryons flow ! But Pions & Strange Mesons K show Anti-flow! E895

12. 15.06.2015Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main gsiVI 16/06 12 hydro higher E: mu > mu-crit: 1.order transition line crossed -> Negative v1-flow = Anti-Flow of protons at > 11 AGeV It is in the protons !

13. 15.06.2015Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main gsiVI 16/06 13 Hydro [Csernai, HIPAGS’93] Proton No data!

14. 15.06.2015Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main gsiVI 16/06 14 E Lab > 40 GeV/nucl - above critical point… mu crossing! Recover Positive v1-Flow!

15. 15.06.2015Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main gsiVI 16/06 15 Proton “Anti-Flow” observed in Pb+Pb@ 40AGeV by NA49 ? A. Wetzler Preliminary “ Anti-Flow” discovered! -> 1. Order Phase Transition! v 1  0

16. 15.06.2015Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main gsiVI 16/06 16 V1 proton 3DHydro: PROTONAnti-Flow FAIR, Hi-muRHIC Extrapol. Data: Anti-Flow@20-40AGeV: Hi-muRHIC DATA! AGS-data Hi-mu RHIC data SIS Paech, Dumitru v1-sign change TWICE proves 1. Order & 2. Order at mu-crit

17. 15.06.2015Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main gsiVI 16/06 17 UrQMD < Fluctuations?

18. 15.06.2015Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main gsiVI 16/06 18 Hi-mu Mach shock cones compress nuclei -the case for asymmetric collisions Baumgardt, Schott, Sakamoto, Schopper, Stöcker, Hofmann, Scheid, Greiner, Z. Phys. A273 (1975) 359 Oxygen cause Mach cone in Nuclei

19. 15.06.2015Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main gsiVI 16/06 19 Flow - THE BAROMETER for the EoS from SIS via MuRHIC & FAIR to LHC Horst Stöcker, FIAS Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies 1 Outreach to mu = 300-600 MeV in Hi-mu-Rhic 2 v1 Bounce-Off Excitation function 4-12 collapse 3 v2 Squeeze-Out Excitation function 4-12 GeV 4 Dependence of v1, v2 Flow on the EoS - 1. & 2. Order Phase Transition (T,mu)- critical Hi-mu-RHIC from 2+2 to 8+8 AGeV 5 Machshock- angle measure speed of sound: the case for asymmetric collisions

20. 15.06.2015Horst Stöcker, FIAS & ITP, J.W. Goethe- Universität Frankfurt am Main gsiVI 16/06 20 Barbara Betz ITP Goethe Universität Frankfurt Marcus Bleicher Adrian Dumitru Kerstin Paech ( now@NSCL,MSU) Hannah Petersen Dirk Rischke Stefan Schramm Gebhardt Zeeb Detlef Zschiesche (now@RIO de Janeiro) Elena Bratkovskaya FIAS- Junior Fellow Xianglei Zhu FIGSS- Student from Tsinghua U. Thank You!!!