2. Flow charting symbols

3. CHECK SHEETS Check sheets explore what and where an event of interest is occurring. Attribute Check Sheet Order Types 7am-9am 9am-11am 11am-1pm 1pm-3pm 3pm-5-pm Emergency Nonemergency Rework Safety Stock Prototype Order Other 27 15 19 20 28

4. PARETO ANALYSIS A method for identifying and separating the vital few from the trivial many. % Factor A B C D E F G I H J

5. CAUSE & EFFECT DIAGRAMS Pins not Assigned Defective Pins Received Defective Damaged in storage Maintenance EquipmentEmployees Procedures and Methods Training Speed Condition Classification Error Inspection CPU Chip BAD CPU

6. HISTOGRAMS A statistical tool used to show the extent and typeof variance within the system. No. of Occurrences Outcome

7. SCATTERPLOTS Variable A Variable B x x x x x x xx x x x x xx x x x x x xx x x xx x x x x xx xxx x x x x xx xx x x x x xx x x x xxx xx x x x x xxx x x xx x x xx xx x x x x x xx x x xxx xx xx xxx x x xx xxx x x x x x x xx x x x x x x xx x x xx x x xx x x x Clearly larger values of variable A seemingly are associated with larger values of variable B.

8. CONTROL CHARTS The purpose of control charts is to tell the operator when the process is producing output in accordance with the assumed process variation. The null hypothesis is that a process is making parts with a given mean and standard deviation. If the null hypothesis is true, then a small sample of the expected value of the system’s output will have a sample mean equal to the process mean and a sample variance equal to the sums of the sample size time the process variance.

9. Control Chart 0123456789101112131415 UCL LCL Sample number Mean Out of control Normal variation due to chance Abnormal variation due to assignable sources

11. Types of control charts