1. International Workshop on Emulsion Technique 2008/Jan/24,25 Emulsion Hybrid Telescope for Cosmic Gamma-ray Observation S. Aoki(Kobe) / S. Takahashi (Nagoya) for Hybrid Gamma-ray Telescope Group ( Kobe U., Nagoya U., Aichi U.Edu., ISAS/JAXA, Okayama Sci.U., Utsunomiya U. )

2. Telescope observes …  brightness (magnitude)  color (wavelength)  direction of the light.

3. Emulsion can measure …  brightness (magnitude)  color (wavelength)  direction of the light.  event rate (flux)  energy (momentum)  direction of gamma-ray photon. So, Emulsion can be good Telescope. Telescope observes …

4. Emulsion can measure …  brightness (magnitude)  color (wavelength)  direction of the light.  event rate (flux)  energy (momentum)  direction of gamma-ray photon. So, Emulsion can be good Telescope. Telescope observes … Radio Wave Infra Red Visible Light Ultra Violet X ray optical imaging is possible

5. Emulsion can measure …  brightness (magnitude)  color (wavelength)  direction of the light.  event rate (flux)  energy (momentum)  direction of gamma-ray photon. So, Emulsion can be good Telescope. Telescope observes … pair creation

6. 2 mrad Current Situation in various wavelength range ex. Crab nebula (M1) Radio (VLA) Infra Red (2MASS) Visible (Palomar) Ultra Violet (UIT) X ray (Chandra) “TeV” Gamma (HESS) “GeV” Gamma (EGRET) 30 mrad 100 mrad a lot of room to improve for “GeV” Gamma

7. Converter Emulsion metal foil spacer Calorie Meter ( Emulsion + Lead ) Fiber Tracker ( X and Y ) Emulsion Hybrid Gamma-ray Telescope  S = 1m 2,  = 0.5  (tan  < 1.0)  Launched by scientific balloon (35km alt. = 5g/cm 2 )  volume scan conversion point  measure slope in arcmin  get “time stamp” by Scintillating Fiber Tracker check time profile in order to exclude atmospheric gamma-ray event  based on “orientation monitor” and “time stamp” get the direction w.r.t celestial sphere γ

8. Emulsion is traditional detector in Cosmic-ray Study mountain:  -meson discovery hyperon (strange particle) airplane:X-particle (naked charm) balloon:primary cosmic-ray JACEE, RUNJOB etc.

9. RUNJOB balloon volume (m 3 ) chamber mass(kg) chamber area(m 2 ) launchedlandedduration(h) RUNJOB11800002300.41995/7/151995/7/20130 RUNJOB21800002300.41996/7/191996/7/25167 RUNJOB31800002540.41996/7/171996/7/23134 RUNJOB41800002540.41995/7/181995/7/24147.5 RUNJOB51800002600.41997/7/ 91997/7/15139.5 RUNJOB61800002700.41997/7/111997/7/17139.5 RUNJOB71800002680.41997/7/16failed － RUNJOB8180000 0.41999/7/81999/7/14142 RUNJOB9180000 0.41999/7/121999/7/18145 RUNJOB10180000 0.41999/7/131999/7/19146.5 RUNJOB11180000 0.41999/7/141999/7/20145

10. JACEE JACEE BALLOON FLIGHT TABLE Flight Launch Date Launch Site Altitude [g/cm 2 ] Duration [hours] Area [m 2 ] Exposure [m 2 ･ hr] JACEE-0May 1979Sankiku(Japan)8.029.00.25.80 JACEE-1Sep 1979Palestine(Texas)3.725.20.820.16 JACEE-2Oct 1980Palestine(Texas)4.029.60.823.68 JACEE-3Jun 1982Greenville(S.Carolina)5.039.00.259.75 JACEE-4Jun 1983Palestine(Texas)5.059.50.847.60 JACEE-5Oct 1984Palestine(Texas)5.014.50.811.60 JACEE-6May 1986Palestine(Texas)4.030.00.824.00 JACEE-7Jan 1987Alice Springs(Australia)5.0150.00.690.00 JACEE-8Feb 1988Alice Springs(Australia)5.0120.00.672.00 JACEE-9Sep 1990Fort Sumner(New Mexico)4.044.00.835.20 JACEE-10Dec 1990McMurdo(Antarctica)3.5204.00.2448.96 JACEE-11Dec 1993McMurdo(Antarctica)4.5217.51.2 261.00 Not recover JACEE-12Jan 1994McMurdo(Antarctica)5.0211.01.2253.20 JACEE-13Dec 1994McMurdo(Antarctica)5.0310.01.2372.00 JACEE-14Dec 1995McMurdo(Antarctica)5.0350.01.2420.00

11. Scanning Power Roadmap MSC now near future ×100 CHORUS/DONUTCHORUSOPERA 1m 2 / h

12.  Long Duration Flight (120 ～ 160 hours) at mid-latitude ・ RUNJOB succeeded launch/recover 10 times out of 11 times trial (ave. 140hour / flight) ・ Background track accumulation @ JACEE film (150hours exp.)  has been confirmed analyzable by U.T.S. at Nagoya  Signal Yield (based on EGRET flux) Club Nebula E > 100MeV E > 1GeV 226  10  8 ph/cm 2 /sec20  10  8 ph/cm 2 /sec 1m 2 6hour/day488 ph / m 2 / day43 ph / m 2 / day 5days (120h)/flight2440 ph / flight215 ph / flight (film+foil)  100  1 Xo thick  converts more than half of photon  S/N=40 (E >1.0GeV) against to atmospheric gamma-ray @5g/cm 2 (extrapolation from BETS observation ) Signal Yield and S/N ratio

13. Pilot Study 2004/05Balloon @Sanriku (36km) Cosmic-rayPb 1mm“ 10GeV ” EM-shower 2004/12SPring-8Inv. Compton γ-ray beam Cu 50  m“ 1GeV ” e-pair observation confirm angular resolution 2007/7,9Mt. Norikura (2.77km) Cosmic-rayCu 50  m“ 100MeV ” e-pair Time Stamp

14. large size (40cm  50cm) OPERA film provided by Fuji Film (Mr. Kanazawa) Pilot Study 1. Balloon Exp @ Sanriku 2004/May/30 Micro Segment Chamber

15. 1.5mm 10.5cm 6.5cm hadron ｊ et electroron shower ｇ amma shower Pilot Study 1. Balloon Exp @ Sanriku 2004/May/30

16. Pilot Study 2004/05Balloon @Sanriku (36km) Cosmic-rayPb 1mm“ 10GeV ” EM-shower 2004/12SPring-8Inv. Compton γ-ray beam Cu 50  m“ 1GeV ” e-pair observation confirm angular resolution 2007/7,9Mt. Norikura (2.77km) Cosmic-rayCu 50  m“ 100MeV ” e-pair Time Stamp Detail will be discussed by S. Takahashi Poster Presentation

17. Pilot Study 2. @SPring-8 Laser Electron Photon Beam (by RCNP Osaka Univ.) ～ 70m

18. plate- 1 20 21 35 36 50 Cu 50  m Pb 500  m  plate- 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Cu 50  m ConverterEnergy Measure Pilot Study 2. @SPring-8 PMMA 15mm t

19. 3cm×3cm×11films Reconstructed Tracks 86921 Connection Criteria >500MeV/c

20. Selected Tracks 814

21. Angular Resolution (MC simulation) experimentally confirmed 0.1deg (@1GeV~2GeV) GLAST readout error ＋ 0.3  m × 0.2  m ＊ 0.1  m 1 mrad

22. Pilot Study 3 Hybrid Test at Mt. Norikura γ(atomospheric) 12.5cm 10cm Em 1 Cu 1 Em 2 Cu 2 Em 3 Cu 3 Em 4 Cu 27 Em 28 Cu 28 Em 29 Cu 29 Em 30 21 hours @ 2770m 1cm 10cm Fiber Tracker

24. Number of Tracks :1.4×10 8

26. 12cm×10cm×21films Connection Criteria >50MeV/c Reconstructed Tracks 259688

27. Selected Events 66

28. Event : 131 2797654 P = 26+5-4[MeV/c] P = 48+15-7[MeV/c] E γ =74[MeV] Measured by K.Hamada

29. γconversion in 06:07-07:03

30. 06:30:07 06:33:15 06:25:15 06:33:23 06:32:5406:20:00

31. X Z Y Z event 06:33:23

32. We are developing Emulsion Hybrid Gamma-ray Telescope with large acceptance (  =0.5  ) and precise angular resolution (arcmin) ・ temporally transient object: GRB (short and long) etc. ・ spatially spread object: SNR (relatively near) etc. ・ and any exotic phenomena These observation must be exciting. Summary H.E.S.S. RX J1713.7-3946PSR J1803-2137 color:TeV gamma by H.E.S.S. contour: X-ray by ASCA 1deg

33. backup

34. 290µm (.002X 0 ) 2mrad by single layer (290µm)  [rad] “OPERA Film” tracker performance

35. 290µm (.002X 0 ) “OPERA Film” tracker performance 2mrad by single layer (290µm) 50mm c.f. GLAST 410µm (.004X 0 ) １ mrad