1. Earth Science Projects for Olin College Students: J. Vanderlei Martins UMBC Physics Department and NASA GSFC Climate and Radiation Branch 1. CCD Detection System for Rainbow Camera – CCD readout system for specific lines of the CCD 2. CubeSat Sun-Sensor – CCD or CMOS based – Position Sensing Detector Based (http://www.on-trak.com/theory.html)http://www.on-trak.com/theory.html – Solar Cell based 3. CubeSat Attitude Control System – Sun-Sensor to determine pointing – Magnetorquers to control the satellite’s attitude

2. Science – The Big Picture: Interaction Between Aerosols and Clouds Andreae, et al. – Science 2004 Smoking Rain Clouds over the Amazon

3. Cloud Droplet Measurements from Cloud Rainbow F-M. Breon, P. Goloub, 1998.

4. Project 1- CCD Detection System for Rainbow Camera Interested in Only Selected lines of the CCD Most CCD/Cameras allow for windowing or binning but not for reading “a bunch” of selected lines along the CCD. Reading only selected lines increases speed and reduces data volume

5. Example of stripe filter: need to read only one line in the center of each stripe

6. Project 2 - CubeSat Sun-Sensor One face of the satellite must always point to the sun –maximizes solar incidence in the solar panel –Assures optimum geometry for cloud-side measurements Feedback from Sun-Sensor increases accuracy of the Attitude and Determination Control System

7. Collision-Coalescence Water-ice processes Aerosol Impact in Microphysics? water mixed phase ice Temperature ice Water More Science: Cloud-Side Profiling

8. Radiator face Cloud CubeSat Orbit Geometry:

9. Sun-Sensor CMOS Detector Array Ex: SunSensor from Nat. Cheng Kung University for the PACE CubeSat Cloud-CubeSat Other options: PSD – analog position sensitive detector Solar cell pyramid

10. Project 3 - CubeSat Attitude Control System Can we control the attitude of the satellite using Earth’s magnetic field How much torque is needed and how to implement an active control system to keep one face of the satellite always pointing to the sun. Sun-Sensor can be used as feedback mechanism

11. Magnetorquer Coils Use Sun-Sensor signal to align one face of the satellite (or solar panel) to the sun