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Figure 13.1 Energy budget of subordinate, nonbreeding “helpers” that associate with breeding pairs in the cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher
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Figure 13.2 Effect of removal of the top-ranked subordinate helper in a cooperatively breeding group of cichlid fish
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Figure 13.4 Competition for food is a cost of sociality in the fieldfare
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Brown and Brown 1986
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Figure 13.5 Effect of parasites on cliff swallow nestlings
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Figure 13.6 Social living with defensive benefits?
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Figure 13.7 Mutual defense in a society of bluegills
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Gross and MacMillan 1981
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Figure 13.8 The different categories of helping behavior
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Figure 13.9 Cooperation among competitors
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Greene et al 2000
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Greene et al. 2000
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Figure 13.12 A meerkat sentinel on the alert for approaching predators
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Figure 13.13 Experimental demonstration of reciprocity in cotton-top tamarins
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Figure 13.14 The prisoner’s dilemma
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Wilkinson 1990
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Wilkinson 1984
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Figure 13.15 The components of selection and fitness
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Figure 13.16 Sibling pairs of the cichlid fish Pelivicachromis taeniatus cooperate more than unrelated males and females when it comes to guarding a nest containing their eggs
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Figure 13.17 A Belding’s ground squirrel gives an alarm call after spotting a terrestrial predator
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Figure 13.18 Altruism and relatedness in pied kingfishers
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Figure 13.24 Cooperative breeding in African starlings is associated with species that live in savanna grasslands
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Figure 13.25 Haplodiploid sex determination in Hymenoptera
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Figure 13.27 Are workers in social insect colonies forced to be altruistic? (Part 1)
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Figure 13.27 Are workers in social insect colonies forced to be altruistic? (Part 2)
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Figure 13.33 Foundress females and workers of the paper wasp Polistes metricus have a similar pattern of gene activity, whereas future reproductives and queens exhibit very different patterns
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Figure 13.34 Eusociality has an evolutionary history
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Figure 13.36 Haplodiploidy and the evolution of eusociality in the Hymenoptera (Part 1)
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Figure 13.36 Haplodiploidy and the evolution of eusociality in the Hymenoptera (Part 2)
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Figure 13.40 Indirect selection and the origin of eusociality in the Hymenoptera
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