1. 1# BaBar Overview & Plans Hassan Jawahery, spokesperson University of Maryland PEPII MAC Meeting November 15-17, 2007

2. 2#  BaBar Upgrade:  Completed the upgrade of the Instrumented Flux Return (IFR)- replaced RPC’s with 12 layers of LST’s & 6 layers of brass in each of the remaining 4 sextants (2 sextants were done in 2004). Have fully recovered muon and K L identification capabilities of the detector.  Run 6: January 19– Sept. 4, 2007  90/fb delivered & 86/fb recorded with the total of BaBar data at ~477.45/fb  Analysis of Runs 1-5 data set (390/fb) Major Activities of the Collaboration

3. 3# A typical (good) day of BaBar running with PEPII  BaBar continues to collect most of PEPII delivery (dead-time typically at <2%)-crucial to keep this- Improvement in data-flow for SVT, DIRC, EMC have been implemented. Data taking in 2007

4. 4# Are we ready for higher luminosity Machine-Detector issues covered by M. Weaver yesterday:  The detector can withstand the “expected” radiation level & the rise in the occupancy at some (but small) cost to the performance. Data Flow & Trigger: – Worked on reducing L1 trigger rate, transmitted data rate and readout out time. (Run 6 averages: L1:2.65 KHz, & dead time 1.8%).  DCH: In Run 5, upgraded the front end electronics to reduce the transmitted info. Working well and no longer an issue.  SVT: Readout time window narrowed by ~27%, chip threshold adjustment & left- right readout.  DIRC: readout time reduced with newly cleaned up readout code.  EMC: data flow rate reduced  Added a new trigger line (1E)- single energy cluster >800 MeV; Covers Y(nS)   (invisible)- light Higgs & dark matter candidates; Level 3- Energy Threshold of 2 GeV. Adds around 12% to Level-1 trigger.  Emergency L1 trigger developed- to be deployed if needed. –We are OK up to ~7 KHz of level-1 trigger rate.

5. 5#

6. 6#

7. 7# Run Strategy  The primary focus of the program continues to be on running at the  (4S) for this final run.  We are considering other opportunities for a part of the run:  New Trigger: single photon trigger (1E) added at the end of run 6. Covers Y(ns)   invisible) – low mass higgs & dark matter candidates,..  Running on narrow  resonances;  (3S) is emerging as the favorite place.  Search for  b & other resonance physics.  Measuring invisible decays of  (1S), thru  (3S)    (1S) cascade. Search for light higgs or dark matter candidates. With about 2 weeks of running we will have six times the current data on  (3S).  Running on  (5S) for Bs physics(??) Needs lots of data to be useful.  We are working on optimizing the amount of off-resonance running - - may reduce it from the current 10%.

8. 8# Computing the BaBar data Online data collection and processing in good shape. Some challenges in the offline computing infrastructure at SLAC- progress being made to secure resources for processing run 7, and reprocessing runs 1-6. –Have developed the final event reconstruction code- aimed for the “the best code possible” for our final processing of the data. The outcome is Very close to the goal. –Now in the validations phase. –Will be ready for run 7; Normally reprocess the 1 st month, expect to happen February 1 st ; Also aiming for final reprocessing of runs 1-6 –starting around April 1.

9. 9# BaBar Performance

10. 10# Muon ID capability fully restored with the upgraded IFR (better in fact) LST

11. 11# --  4S) B0B0 B0B0 D-D- ++ ++ K-K- e+e+ ++ zz e-e- Overall performance measured with Oscillation in Dileptons

12. 12# e+e+ ++ e—e— —— zz  (4S) Overall performance measured with Oscillation with fully reconstructed B’s

13. 13# BaBar Physics

14. 14# BaBar Data: Runs 1-5 Partial composition of the data BaBar collects ~97% of PEP II delivery

15. 15# The physics reach of the BaBar Data Just about any physics that is accessible at Charm Physics Tau physics Continuum e + e -  hadrons ISR: e + e -  hadrons from threshold to ~5 GeV CP Studies with B’s & B Physics Origin of CP breaking Test CKM paradigm Constraints on New Physics possibilities D 0 Mixing; New States, F Ds New States: DsJ, Y(4260), etc Lepton Flavor Violation Measuring the hadronic part of photon vacuum polarization

16. 16# A look at the timeline of our data collection vs our physics output There are more than 200 ongoing analyses of BaBar data. More than 317 papers published & submitted for publication.

17. 17# New Major Physics results Since last MAC (06) Oscillation observed Completed the picture of semileptonic B decays with the observation: & New States

18. 18# Evidence for the missing pieces of the puzzle Already seen for : The responsible processes :In the Standard Model An opportunity for New Physics Particles to contribute O(10 -3 - 10 -2 ) O(10 -5 )

19. 19# Charm physics with  Search for D0 mixing – highly suppressed in SM- a powerful window for NP searches A little bit of History from Fall 2006 Observables: CP even state: width  , mass  m 1 ; CP odd state: width  , mass  m 2 y =    -        x = (m 1 – m 2 ) /  =  m /  Last summer from BaBar In 2006 it looked like the Limits were approaching the SM expectation

20. 20# The BaBar observation of D 0 mixing  (t)  exp(-t)  R +  R y’ t + ¼ ( x’ 2 + y’ 2 ) t 2  ( t in units of  D ) Identified about 1 million D 0  K -    RS)  decays & 4000 D 0  K +    WS) Found evidence for ~500 that had switched to anti-D 0 before decaying

21. 21#  = 409.3 ± 0.7 fs  = 401.3 ± 2.5 fs  = 404.5 ± 2.5 fs (stat. errors only, syst. errors cancel largely in the lifetime ratios) 99.9% signal 70,000 KK events 99.6% purity 31,000  events 98.0% purity K  and KK lifetimes differ! D 0 lifetimes Now also measured in decay time measurements

22. 22#

23. 23#  B Physics [with the ]  10 9 BB  Investigation of CP violation in B meson Decays & tests of the CKM paradigm Is the CP symmetry broken in B decays? Can we fit the CPV effects in the CKM picture?  Is there room for New Physics?  Search for New Physics in rare (SM suppressed-FCNC) decays ?  B Decays dynamics: Tests of QCD predictions The “B physics” reach of the BaBar Data

24. 24# 10 9 -- 1982-B meson observed 1987-B 0 mixing & V ub measured; Lower bound on m(top)>42 GeV; with non-zero V ub, CKM in the game as a source of CPV 1993-Radiative penguin b  s  observed; Major constraint on models of New Physics;Rare decays B  K  and  obserevd; Role of gluonic penguins established; B factory projects launched. 1999- B Factories start operation. 2001- CPV in B decays observed. Sin2  consistent with SM The 1/ab phase: Precision tests of the CKM paradigm- Search for N.P. using loop dominated B decays, LFV tau decays, DD(bar) mixing … Precision sin2  ;  &  measured; CKM over- constrained and established as the primary source of observed CPV in nature. Data consistent with no NP effects in b-  d and s  d. 10 8 -- 10 7 -- 10 4 -- 10 5 -- 10 6 -- # B’s A brief history of major milestones in B physics

25. 25# Tests of the CKM Paradigm Picture from A. Hoecker Theorist view of CKM Observables The view from the experiments   Now ~7% ~20 o ~10-15 o ~0.04 (~1 o ) Aiming for:

26. 26#  A major focus of the experiment is now on searches for New Physics via FCNC decays of B- Deviation from SM searched for: bRbR tLtL bLbL W sLsL LL Possible New Physics presence can alter the observables from SM expecations There is more than just rate in these channels now: Photon polarization in b   s L (  left-handed in SM) Direct CP violation – nearly zero in SM In B  Kll- q 2 dependence of the rate; FB asymmetry, polariztion Search for NP modification of Wilson coefficients C7, C9, C10 Sin2  test in Penguin dominated modes

27. 27# Simple average: S penguins =0.56 +/- 0.05 vs reference point: sin  68+/-0.03 ~ 2.5  deviation at this point. Latest on Sin2  test in Penguin dominated modes- Our other 2-sigma effect

28. 28# Observation of B → D (*)  Confirmation of Belle observation in D *+, first observation of D *0 and first evidence for the D modes  (B → D  )/  (B → Dl ) arXiv:0707.2758

29. 29# New States found at the B factories (Summary from E. Eichten) Candidates for new QCD states: Hybrid (cgc), Molecules(DD)....

30. 30# The BaBar Collaboration

31. October 17, 2006 31# Russia[1/10] Budker Institute, Novosibirsk Spain[2/7] IFAE-Barcelona IFIC-Valencia United Kingdom [11/58] U of Birmingham U of Bristol Brunel U U of Edinburgh U of Liverpool Imperial College Queen Mary, U of London U of London, Royal Holloway U of Manchester Rutherford Appleton Laboratory U of Warwick USA[34/256] California Institute of Technology UC, Irvine UC, Los Angeles UC, Riverside UC, San Diego UC, Santa Barbara UC, Santa Cruz U of Cincinnati U of Colorado Colorado State Harvard U U of Iowa Iowa State U Johns Hopkins U LBNL LLNL U of Louisville U of Maryland U of Massachusetts, Amherst MIT U of Mississippi SUNY, Albany U of Notre Dame Ohio State U U of Oregon Princeton U SLAC U of South Carolina Stanford U Canada[4/23] University of British Columbia McGill University University de Montréal University of Victoria France[5/40] LAPP, Annecy LAL Orsay LPNHE des Universités Paris VI et VII Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet CEA, DAPNIA, CE-Saclay Germany[6/31] Ruhr Universitaet Bochum Universitaet Dortmund Technische Univeritaet Dresden Universitaet Heidelberg Universitaet Rostock Universitaet Karlsruhe The BABAR Collaboration 10 Countries 77 Institutions 522 Physicists +21 non-Physicists Italy[12/90] INFN, Bari INFN, Ferrara Lab. Nazionali di Frascati dell' INFN INFN, Genova & Univ INFN, Milano & Univ INFN, Napoli & Univ INFN, Padova & Univ INFN, Pisa & Univ & Scuola Normale Superiore INFN, Perugia & Univ INFN, Roma & Univ "La Sapienza" INFN, Torino & Univ INFN, Trieste & Univ The Netherlands [1/3] NIKHEF, Amsterdam Norway[1/4] U of Bergen U of Tennessee U of Texas at Austin U of Texas at Dallas U of Wisconsin Yale

32. 32# Status of the Collaboration 77 Institutions in 10 countries The collaborations is on a very strong foundation With 154 students and 89 postdocs, BaBar continues to be a major educational institution as well FacultyPhD StaffPostdocGradNon-PhDTotals Canada1014823 France1314310444 Germany75316132 Italy2930112090 Netherlands123 Norway224 Russia271111 Spain2237 United Kingdom2121619260 United States7954507313269 Totals1641158915421543 One of the few remaining institutions for training future HEP physicists for the LHC & ILC era

33. 33# The Manpower needed to operate the experiment  BaBar’s technical coordinator (Bill Wisniewski) has determined that it takes ~ 110 of collaboration-FTE to operate (Detector maintenance and calibration, and computing tasks- excluding the technical and computing professionals) to operate BaBar. This also does not include the data taking shifts.  System managers have done detailed planning for coverage of the tasks till end of the data taking-e.g. for SVT:

34. 34# Planning for BaBar in 2008 & Beyond Analysis of the final data set

35. 35#  Guided by the need for timely performance of the key measurements that define the scientific mission of the program:  Precision knowledge of the Standard Model is an extremely important element of the search for “New Physics” in the (LHC) era, with the B factory data largely in charge of the flavor sector– “Textbook” measurements of the CKM sector are expected to emerge.  Processes involving loop effects are expected to help in understanding the nature of the results that may emerge from LHC. To be relevant these measurements must be available on the same time scale.  The key players in the analyses effort are the postdocs and graduate students, whose life span in the experiment is a major factor in defining the time window required for performing these measurements. A period ~2-3 years of intense analysis activity, following the end of the data taking, in order to perform and publish the core physics channels. 2009-2011  Given the very broad physics reach of the “1/ab” data, the full exploitation of the physics will take much longer- LEP/SLC/CLEO experiences points to an overall 5-8 year program The planning of BaBar in 2008 & Beyond(cont’)

36. 36# sin2  fromcos2  from  from InclusiveExclusive [,Radiative B decays: Inclusive and exclusive [ Rate, A ch,..]  TDCP in [Probe of helicity of  Inclusive and exclusive [ Rate, A ch,..] Inclusive and exclusive [ Rate, A ch,A FB,..] Search for TDCP in Gluonic Penguin Dominated Channels:Charmless Decay Properties: Decay Rate, Direct CP, Polarization,,,D 0 mixing and CPV Rare Charm Decays ( Lepton Flavor Violation:, A list of topics on BaBar’s “core” physics program The ultimate job on CKM – until the SuperB era The no-stone-unturned search for New Physics

37. 37# Summary remarks  The near-“1/ab” phase of BaBar is here:  The LST installation, the last major detector upgrade, has successfully been completed & the muon Id capability of BaBar fully restored for the run 6 and run 7 data.  The collaboration is healthy with a strong base of students and postdocs.  An intense-analysis period of 2-3 yrs is expected to follow the end of the data taking period, requiring continued major support for the experiment.  An enormous amount of physics still to come from Flavor physics with BaBar in this phase. Two of the expected major outcomes are:  Precision knowledge of the charge weak sector of the SM & the CKM parameters; The CKM part of SM is still under construction (expt’s wise)  With the possibility of revealing deviation from the SM  Measurements of CP violation and decay properties in rare decay modes, with the possibility of revealing New Physics effects. Hints are already present in the current data.  BaBar is continuing to serve as a major institution for educating future High Energy Physicists who will work on LHC and ILC.

38. 38# The BaBar community is truly grateful to our PEPII colleagues for their outstanding and dedicated effort in creating the principal element of this enterprise.