1. ITINERANT: TCP Socket Migration Titus Winters Dan Berger CS 202: Spring ‘03

2. Overview Problem Description & Motivation Proposed Solution Netfilter Primer Solution Architecture Conclusion

3. Problem & Motivation TCP Sockets are identified by (saddr, sport, daddr, dport) + seqno and ackno state No standard mechanism exists to move one end of a socket connection. This could often be quite useful – examples include: Web “spray”/load balancing Mobile & ubiquitous computing

4. Proposed Solution We set out to provide primitives to facilitate TCP socket migration on Linux. Goals: Transparent to client application Minimally Intrusive @ OS level Extend standard socket API – minimize learning curve for server developers

5. Proposed Solution (cont.) Non-goals: Do not address “application state” migration. Provide no more (or less) security than TCP. Higher level security ramifications considered, but not addressed.

6. Netfilter Primer “Minimally Intrusive” means no direct kernel modifications. Modifying the TCP state machine seems to require kernel hacking. Netfilter to the rescue!

7. What’s Netfilter? Netfilter is a series of callback functions within the network stack. The API is non-portable and appeared in linux 2.3.x Initial design and implementation by Paul “Rusty” Russell Each protocol has it’s own set of callback points. We care about IPv4.

8. Netfilter Concepts A module expresses interest in being invoked at an arbitrary subset of the available callback points – specifying the function and the (global) priority in which it should be called. That function is passed (among other things) a handle to the packet being processed.

9. Netfilter Hooks in IPv4 Routing Engine Local Sockets 1 In Out 2 3 4 5 Application

10. Say Again? 1: NF_IP_PREROUTING any received packet which checksums OK. 2: NF_IP_LOCAL_IN packets destined for local sockets 3: NF_IP_FORWARD foreign packets being forwarded 4: NF_IP_POST_ROUTING any outbound packet 5: NF_IP_LOCAL_OUT packets originating from local sockets Routing Engine Local Sockets 1 InOut 2 4 5 3

11. Solution Description A new setsockopt(2) option to initiate migration. A netfilter module that registers for PREROUTING and LOCAL_OUT Handles migration process. Completes socket shutdown on intermediate host (FIN/ACK) Nicely symmetric – so the host initiating the migration just “steps out” of the middle.

12. Migration Flow C S1 S2

13. Conclusion A working proof of concept was built. It consists of O(1000) lines of code No kernel modifications needed Some details were skipped to make the schedule but could be fixed within the current implementation: Migration isn’t a three way handshake. TCP/Socket options aren’t handled.

14. Fini Questions?