1. Why do we look similar to but different than our biological siblings?
Mendelian Genetics
Why do we look similar to but different than our biological siblings?

2. Possible Results of CrossesOR OR
How is this possible? Can we accurately predict the outcome of crosses?

3. Heredity Vocabulary
Homozygous = when an organism has two identical alleles for a particular gene
Ex: GG (both dominant) or gg (both recessive)
Heterozygous = when an organism has different alleles for the same gene
Ex: Gg (one dominant and one recessive)

4. Heredity Vocabulary
Genotype = genetic makeup (the combination alleles)
Phenotypes = physical traits
For each plant below, list all possible phenotypes and genotypes:
Phenotypes: Yellow Green
Genotypes: gg GG or Gg

5. Probability
Mendel kept getting consistent results for particular crosses
64 green
48 green and 16 yellow

6. Probability
Principles of probability can be used to predict the outcomes of genetic crosses
Probability= likelihood that a particular event will occur
What is the probability of the coin landing heads up?

7. Using Segregation to Predict Outcomes
G = green allele (dominant)
g = yellow allele (recessive) Gg Gg
Meiosis occurs G g G g
Sex cells are produced with one allele each

8. Using Segregation to Predict Outcomes
Fertilization occurs
There are four possible outcomes:
GG (green leaves)
Gg (green leaves)
gg (yellow leaves) GG Gg Gg gg

9. Using Segregation to Predict Outcomes
What is the probability that the offspring will have yellow leaves?
What is the probability that the offspring will have green leaves? gg
GG, Gg, Gg

10. Punnett Squares
A simple diagram used to predict the outcomes of a genetic cross
How to make a Punnett Square:
Write the genotypes of the parents
Determine the alleles of all possible gametes that each parent could produce
Draw a table with enough squares for each gamete of each parent
Fill the table by combining the gametes’ genotypes
Determine the genotype and phenotype of the offspring.