1. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research www.cuipr.cornell.edu A Review of Disability Data for the Institutional Population of Working Age Peiyun She David C. Stapleton Cornell Institute for Policy Research Presented to participants of the Cornell StatsRRTC Conference on: The Future of Disability Statistics: What We Know and Need to Know October 5, 2006 Washington, DC

2. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Motivation Limited disability data and research for the institutional population versus the non-institutional population, especially for working-age people. Impact of trends in institutionalization on trends of disability prevalence in the non-institutional population and the distributions of their socio-demographic characteristics. Difficulty in assessing the effects of policy efforts in promoting people with disabilities to live in the community. Possible effects of trends in institutionalization on persistent declines in employment among non-institutional working-age people with disabilities.

3. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Group Quarters (GQ) Non-institutional GQ –Military quarters –College dormitories –Other non-institutional GQ (e.g., group homes, shelters, etc.) Institutional GQ –Correctional institutions –Nursing homes –Other institutions (e.g., mental hospitals, juvenile institutions, etc.)

4. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Data Sources 1990 and 2000 Census Population estimates from the Bureau of the Census BJS surveys –Survey of Inmates of Local Jails –Survey of Inmates of State and Federal Correctional Facilities National Nursing Home Survey

5. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Outline The size and distribution of the institutional population. The size, distribution, and characteristics of the institutional population with disabilities. Disability prevalence for people living in correctional institutions and nursing homes. Rate of institutionalization over time. Gaps in coverage, timing, and disability definitions.

6. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Size and Proportion of the Institutional Populations, 1990 and 2000 Source: Census 1990 and 2000.

7. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Distribution of the Institutional Population by Institution Type, 1990 and 2000 Source: Census 1990 and 2000.

8. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Institutional Population of Working Age (18-64), 1990 and 2000 Source: Census 1990 and 2000.

9. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Age Distribution of the Institutional Population by Institution Type, 2000 Source: Census 2000

10. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Distribution of People in Various Age Groups by Institution Type, 2000 Source: Census 2000

11. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Census 2000 Disability Measures Self-care (bathing, dressing, or getting around inside the home) Mental (learning, remembering, or concentration) Physical (walking, climbing stairs, reaching, lifting, or carrying) Sensory (blindness, deafness, or a severe vision or hearing impairment) [Go outside home] (going outside the home alone to shop or visit a doctor’s office) [Employment] (working at a job or business)

12. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Disability Prevalence by Living Quarters, 2000 Source: Census 2000

13. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Distribution of People with Disabilities by Living Quarters, 2000 Source: Census 2000

14. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Working-age People with Disabilities Living in Institutions, by Gender and Race, 2000 The share of males is much larger than the share of females (7.7% versus 1.7%). They are also disproportionately African American (38.6% of those ages 18-49 and 22.4% of those ages 50-64).

15. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research BJS Surveys Disability Measures, 1996 - 97 Physical disability Sensory disability (vision, hearing, speech) Learning disability (such as dyslexia or attention deficit disorder) Mental disability (mental or emotional condition) Work disability (limitation in the kind or amount of work one can do)

16. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Disability Prevalence in the Incarcerated Population, 1996 - 1997 Source: BJS Surveys

17. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Changes in Incarceration Rate by Age and Sex, 1989 - 91 to 1996 - 97 Source: Authors’ calculations.

18. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Disability Prevalence in the Nursing Home Population, 1999 Source: NNHS

19. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Changes in Nursing Home Residence Rate by Age, 1977 to 1999 Source: Authors’ calculations.

20. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Gaps in Survey Coverage Institutional GQ: Nursing home and incarcerated populations are covered in periodic surveys, but not residents of other institutions. Non-institutional GQ: Limited information for the homeless and military populations.

21. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Infrequent Collection Census long form survey: once per decade. BJS surveys: roughly every six years (1989-91, 1996-97, and 2002-04). NNHS: biennially from 1995 to 1999, and the most recent one five years later, in 2004. Some major national household surveys: annually.

22. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Disability Definitions DisabilityCensus 2000 BJS Surveys 1996-97 NNHS 1999 Sensory limitations××× Functional limitations××× Mental disability××× Activities of Daily Living×× Instrumental Activities of Daily Living ×× Work disability×× Learning disability×

23. Cornell University Institute for Policy Research Discussion Change in the size and composition of the institutional population. Relatively high disability prevalence in the incarcerated population and the growth in incarceration. Decline in the nursing home residence rate. The inclusion of the GQ population in the ACS from 2006 forward.