1. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 1 Supplementary Slides for Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach, 6/e Part 1 Supplementary Slides for Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach, 6/e Part 1 copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc. For University Use Only May be reproduced ONLY for student use at the university level when used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach. Any other reproduction or use is expressly prohibited. This presentation, slides, or hardcopy may NOT be used for short courses, industry seminars, or consulting purposes.

2. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 2 Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e Chapter 1 Software and Software Engineering Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e Chapter 1 Software and Software Engineering copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc. For University Use Only May be reproduced ONLY for student use at the university level when used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach. Any other reproduction or use is expressly prohibited.

3. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 3 Software’s Dual Role Software is a product Software is a product Delivers computing potential Delivers computing potential Produces, manages, acquires, modifies, displays, or transmits information Produces, manages, acquires, modifies, displays, or transmits information Software is a vehicle for delivering a product Software is a vehicle for delivering a product Supports or directly provides system functionality Supports or directly provides system functionality Controls other programs (e.g., an operating system) Controls other programs (e.g., an operating system) Effects communications (e.g., networking software) Effects communications (e.g., networking software) Helps build other software (e.g., software tools) Helps build other software (e.g., software tools)

4. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 4 What is Software? Software is a set of items or objects that form a “configuration” that includes programs documents data...

5. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 5 What is Software? software is engineered software is engineered software doesn’t wear out software doesn’t wear out software is complex software is complex

6. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 6 Wear vs. Deterioration

7. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 7 Software Applications system software system software application software application software engineering/scientific software engineering/scientific software embedded software embedded software product-line software product-line software WebApps (Web applications) WebApps (Web applications) AI software AI software

8. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 8 Software—New Categories Ubiquitous computing—wireless networks Ubiquitous computing—wireless networks Netsourcing—the Web as a computing engine Netsourcing—the Web as a computing engine Open source—”free” source code open to the computing community (a blessing, but also a potential curse!) Open source—”free” source code open to the computing community (a blessing, but also a potential curse!) Also … (see Chapter 32) Also … (see Chapter 32) Data mining Data mining Grid computing Grid computing Cognitive machines Cognitive machines Software for nanotechnologies Software for nanotechnologies

9. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 9 Legacy Software software must be adapted to meet the needs of new computing environments or technology. software must be adapted to meet the needs of new computing environments or technology. software must be enhanced to implement new business requirements. software must be enhanced to implement new business requirements. software must be extended to make it interoperable with other more modern systems or databases. software must be extended to make it interoperable with other more modern systems or databases. software must be re-architected to make it viable within a network environment software must be re-architected to make it viable within a network environment. Why must it change?

10. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 10 Software Evolution The Law of Continuing Change (1974): E-type systems must be continually adapted else they become progressively less satisfactory. The Law of Continuing Change (1974): E-type systems must be continually adapted else they become progressively less satisfactory. The Law of Increasing Complexity (1974): As an E-type system evolves its complexity increases unless work is done to maintain or reduce it. The Law of Increasing Complexity (1974): As an E-type system evolves its complexity increases unless work is done to maintain or reduce it. The Law of Self Regulation (1974): The E-type system evolution process is self-regulating with distribution of product and process measures close to normal. The Law of Self Regulation (1974): The E-type system evolution process is self-regulating with distribution of product and process measures close to normal. The Law of Conservation of Organizational Stability (1980): The average effective global activity rate in an evolving E-type system is invariant over product lifetime. The Law of Conservation of Organizational Stability (1980): The average effective global activity rate in an evolving E-type system is invariant over product lifetime. The Law of Conservation of Familiarity (1980): As an E-type system evolves all associated with it, developers, sales personnel, users, for example, must maintain mastery of its content and behavior to achieve satisfactory evolution. The Law of Conservation of Familiarity (1980): As an E-type system evolves all associated with it, developers, sales personnel, users, for example, must maintain mastery of its content and behavior to achieve satisfactory evolution. The Law of Continuing Growth (1980): The functional content of E-type systems must be continually increased to maintain user satisfaction over their lifetime. The Law of Continuing Growth (1980): The functional content of E-type systems must be continually increased to maintain user satisfaction over their lifetime. The Law of Declining Quality (1996): The quality of E-type systems will appear to be declining unless they are rigorously maintained and adapted to operational environment changes. The Law of Declining Quality (1996): The quality of E-type systems will appear to be declining unless they are rigorously maintained and adapted to operational environment changes. The Feedback System Law (1996): E-type evolution processes constitute multi-level, multi-loop, multi-agent feedback systems and must be treated as such to achieve significant improvement over any reasonable base. The Feedback System Law (1996): E-type evolution processes constitute multi-level, multi-loop, multi-agent feedback systems and must be treated as such to achieve significant improvement over any reasonable base. Source: Lehman, M., et al, “Metrics and Laws of Software Evolution—The Nineties View,” Proceedings of the 4th International Software Metrics Symposium (METRICS '97), IEEE, 1997, can be downloaded from: http://www.ece.utexas.edu/~perry/work/papers/feast1.pdfhttp://www.ece.utexas.edu/~perry/work/papers/feast1.pdf

11. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 11 Software Myths Affect managers, customers (and other non-technical stakeholders) and practitioners Affect managers, customers (and other non-technical stakeholders) and practitioners Are believable because they often have elements of truth, Are believable because they often have elements of truth, but … Invariably lead to bad decisions, Invariably lead to bad decisions, therefore … Insist on reality as you navigate your way through software engineering Insist on reality as you navigate your way through software engineering

12. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 12 Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e Chapter 2 Process: A Generic View Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e Chapter 2 Process: A Generic View copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc. For University Use Only May be reproduced ONLY for student use at the university level when used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach. Any other reproduction or use is expressly prohibited.

13. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 13 A Layered Technology Software Engineering a “quality” focus process model methods tools

14. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 14 A Process Framework Process framework Framework activities work tasks work products milestones & deliverables QA checkpoints Umbrella Activities

15. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 15 Framework Activities Communication Communication Planning Planning Modeling Modeling Analysis of requirements Analysis of requirements Design Design Construction Construction Code generation Code generation Testing Testing Deployment Deployment

16. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 16 Umbrella Activities Software project management Software project management Formal technical reviews Formal technical reviews Software quality assurance Software quality assurance Software configuration management Software configuration management Work product preparation and production Work product preparation and production Reusability management Reusability management Measurement Measurement Risk management Risk management

17. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 17 The Process Model: Adaptability the framework activities will always be applied on every project... BUT the framework activities will always be applied on every project... BUT the tasks (and degree of rigor) for each activity will vary based on: the tasks (and degree of rigor) for each activity will vary based on: the type of project the type of project characteristics of the project characteristics of the project common sense judgment; concurrence of the project team common sense judgment; concurrence of the project team

18. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 18 The CMMI The CMMI defines each process area in terms of “specific goals” and the “specific practices” required to achieve these goals. The CMMI defines each process area in terms of “specific goals” and the “specific practices” required to achieve these goals. Specific goals establish the characteristics that must exist if the activities implied by a process area are to be effective. Specific goals establish the characteristics that must exist if the activities implied by a process area are to be effective. Specific practices refine a goal into a set of process- related activities. Specific practices refine a goal into a set of process- related activities.

19. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 19 Process Patterns Process patterns define a set of activities, actions, work tasks, work products and/or related behaviors Process patterns define a set of activities, actions, work tasks, work products and/or related behaviors A template is used to define a pattern A template is used to define a pattern Typical examples: Typical examples: Customer communication (a process activity) Customer communication (a process activity) Analysis (an action) Analysis (an action) Requirements gathering (a process task) Requirements gathering (a process task) Reviewing a work product (a process task) Reviewing a work product (a process task) Design model (a work product) Design model (a work product)

20. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 20 Process Assessment The process should be assessed to ensure that it meets a set of basic process criteria that have been shown to be essential for a successful software engineering The process should be assessed to ensure that it meets a set of basic process criteria that have been shown to be essential for a successful software engineering. Many different assessment options are available: Many different assessment options are available: SCAMPI SCAMPI CBA IPI CBA IPI SPICE SPICE ISO 9001:2000 ISO 9001:2000

21. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 21 Assessment and Improvement

22. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 22 Personal Software Process (PSP) Recommends five framework activities: Recommends five framework activities: Planning Planning High-level design High-level design High-level design review High-level design review Development Development Postmortem Postmortem stresses the need for each software engineer to identify errors early and as important, to understand the types of errors stresses the need for each software engineer to identify errors early and as important, to understand the types of errors

23. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 23 Team Software Process (TSP) Each project is “launched” using a “script” that defines the tasks to be accomplished Each project is “launched” using a “script” that defines the tasks to be accomplished Teams are self-directed Teams are self-directed Measurement is encouraged Measurement is encouraged Measures are analyzed with the intent of improving the team process Measures are analyzed with the intent of improving the team process

24. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 24 The Primary Goal of Any Software Process: High Quality Remember: High quality = project timeliness Why? Less rework!

25. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 25 Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e Chapter 3 Prescriptive Process Models Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e Chapter 3 Prescriptive Process Models copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc. For University Use Only May be reproduced ONLY for student use at the university level when used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach. Any other reproduction or use is expressly prohibited.

26. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 26 Prescriptive Models Prescriptive process models advocate an orderly approach to software engineering Prescriptive process models advocate an orderly approach to software engineering That leads to a few questions … If prescriptive process models strive for structure and order, are they inappropriate for a software world that thrives on change? If prescriptive process models strive for structure and order, are they inappropriate for a software world that thrives on change? Yet, if we reject traditional process models (and the order they imply) and replace them with something less structured, do we make it impossible to achieve coordination and coherence in software work? Yet, if we reject traditional process models (and the order they imply) and replace them with something less structured, do we make it impossible to achieve coordination and coherence in software work?

27. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 27 The Waterfall Model

28. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 28 The Incremental Model

29. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 29 The RAD Model

30. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 30 Evolutionary Models: Prototyping communication Quick plan Modeling Quick design Construction of prototype Deployment delivery & feedback

31. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 31 Evolutionary Models: The Spiral

32. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 32 Evolutionary Models: Concurrent

33. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 33 Still Other Process Models Component based development—the process to apply when reuse is a development objective Component based development—the process to apply when reuse is a development objective Formal methods—emphasizes the mathematical specification of requirements Formal methods—emphasizes the mathematical specification of requirements AOSD—provides a process and methodological approach for defining, specifying, designing, and constructing aspects AOSD—provides a process and methodological approach for defining, specifying, designing, and constructing aspects Unified Process—a “use-case driven, architecture- centric, iterative and incremental” software process closely aligned with the Unified Modeling Language (UML) Unified Process—a “use-case driven, architecture- centric, iterative and incremental” software process closely aligned with the Unified Modeling Language (UML)

34. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 34 inception The Unified Process (UP) inception elaboration

35. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 35 UP Phases

36. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 36 UP Work Products

37. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 37 Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e Chapter 4 Agile Development Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e Chapter 4 Agile Development copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc. For University Use Only May be reproduced ONLY for student use at the university level when used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach. Any other reproduction or use is expressly prohibited.

38. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 38 The Manifesto for Agile Software Development “We are uncovering better ways of developing software by doing it and helping others do it. Through this work we have come to value: Individuals and interactions over processes and toolsIndividuals and interactions over processes and tools Working software over comprehensive documentationWorking software over comprehensive documentation Customer collaboration over contract negotiationCustomer collaboration over contract negotiation Responding to change over following a planResponding to change over following a plan That is, while there is value in the items on the right, we value the items on the left more.” Kent Beck et al

39. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 39 What is “Agility”? Effective (rapid and adaptive) response to change Effective (rapid and adaptive) response to change Effective communication among all stakeholders Effective communication among all stakeholders Drawing the customer onto the team Drawing the customer onto the team Organizing a team so that it is in control of the work performed Organizing a team so that it is in control of the work performed Yielding … Rapid, incremental delivery of software Rapid, incremental delivery of software

40. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 40 An Agile Process Is driven by customer descriptions of what is required (scenarios) Is driven by customer descriptions of what is required (scenarios) Recognizes that plans are short-lived Recognizes that plans are short-lived Develops software iteratively with a heavy emphasis on construction activities Develops software iteratively with a heavy emphasis on construction activities Delivers multiple ‘software increments’ Delivers multiple ‘software increments’ Adapts as changes occur Adapts as changes occur

41. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 41 Extreme Programming (XP) The most widely used agile process, originally proposed by Kent Beck The most widely used agile process, originally proposed by Kent Beck XP Planning XP Planning Begins with the creation of “user stories” Begins with the creation of “user stories” Agile team assesses each story and assigns a cost Agile team assesses each story and assigns a cost Stories are grouped to for a deliverable increment Stories are grouped to for a deliverable increment A commitment is made on delivery date A commitment is made on delivery date After the first increment “project velocity” is used to help define subsequent delivery dates for other increments After the first increment “project velocity” is used to help define subsequent delivery dates for other increments

42. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 42 Extreme Programming (XP) XP Design XP Design Follows the KIS principle Follows the KIS principle Encourage the use of CRC cards (see Chapter 8) Encourage the use of CRC cards (see Chapter 8) For difficult design problems, suggests the creation of “spike solutions”—a design prototype For difficult design problems, suggests the creation of “spike solutions”—a design prototype Encourages “refactoring”—an iterative refinement of the internal program design Encourages “refactoring”—an iterative refinement of the internal program design XP Coding XP Coding Recommends the construction of a unit test for a store before coding commences Recommends the construction of a unit test for a store before coding commences Encourages “pair programming” Encourages “pair programming” XP Testing XP Testing All unit tests are executed daily All unit tests are executed daily “Acceptance tests” are defined by the customer and excuted to assess customer visible functionality “Acceptance tests” are defined by the customer and excuted to assess customer visible functionality

43. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 43 Extreme Programming (XP)

44. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 44 Adaptive Software Development Originally proposed by Jim Highsmith Originally proposed by Jim Highsmith ASD — distinguishing features ASD — distinguishing features Mission-driven planning Mission-driven planning Component-based focus Component-based focus Uses “time-boxing” (See Chapter 24) Uses “time-boxing” (See Chapter 24) Explicit consideration of risks Explicit consideration of risks Emphasizes collaboration for requirements gathering Emphasizes collaboration for requirements gathering Emphasizes “learning” throughout the process Emphasizes “learning” throughout the process

45. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 45 Adaptive Software Development

46. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 46 Dynamic Systems Development Method Promoted by the DSDM Consortium (www.dsdm.org) Promoted by the DSDM Consortium (www.dsdm.org)www.dsdm.org DSDM—distinguishing features DSDM—distinguishing features Similar in most respects to XP and/or ASD Similar in most respects to XP and/or ASD Nine guiding principles Nine guiding principles Active user involvement is imperative. Active user involvement is imperative. DSDM teams must be empowered to make decisions. DSDM teams must be empowered to make decisions. The focus is on frequent delivery of products. The focus is on frequent delivery of products. Fitness for business purpose is the essential criterion for acceptance of deliverables. Fitness for business purpose is the essential criterion for acceptance of deliverables. Iterative and incremental development is necessary to converge on an accurate business solution. Iterative and incremental development is necessary to converge on an accurate business solution. All changes during development are reversible. All changes during development are reversible. Requirements are baselined at a high level Requirements are baselined at a high level Testing is integrated throughout the life-cycle. Testing is integrated throughout the life-cycle.

47. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 47 Dynamic Systems Development Method DSDM Life Cycle (with permission of the DSDM consortium)

48. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 48 Scrum Originally proposed by Schwaber and Beedle Originally proposed by Schwaber and Beedle Scrum—distinguishing features Scrum—distinguishing features Development work is partitioned into “packets” Development work is partitioned into “packets” Testing and documentation are on-going as the product is constructed Testing and documentation are on-going as the product is constructed Work occurs in “sprints” and is derived from a “backlog” of existing requirements Work occurs in “sprints” and is derived from a “backlog” of existing requirements Meetings are very short and sometimes conducted without chairs Meetings are very short and sometimes conducted without chairs “demos” are delivered to the customer with the time-box allocated “demos” are delivered to the customer with the time-box allocated

49. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 49Scrum

50. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 50 Crystal Proposed by Cockburn and Highsmith Proposed by Cockburn and Highsmith Crystal—distinguishing features Crystal—distinguishing features Actually a family of process models that allow “maneuverability” based on problem characteristics Actually a family of process models that allow “maneuverability” based on problem characteristics Face-to-face communication is emphasized Face-to-face communication is emphasized Suggests the use of “reflection workshops” to review the work habits of the team Suggests the use of “reflection workshops” to review the work habits of the team

51. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 51 Feature Driven Development Originally proposed by Peter Coad et al Originally proposed by Peter Coad et al FDD—distinguishing features FDD—distinguishing features Emphasis is on defining “features” Emphasis is on defining “features” a feature “is a client-valued function that can be implemented in two weeks or less.” a feature “is a client-valued function that can be implemented in two weeks or less.” Uses a feature template Uses a feature template the a(n) the a(n) A features list is created and “plan by feature” is conducted A features list is created and “plan by feature” is conducted Design and construction merge in FDD Design and construction merge in FDD

52. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 52 Feature Driven Development Reprinted with permission of Peter Coad

53. These courseware materials are to be used in conjunction with Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 6/e and are provided with permission by R.S. Pressman & Associates, Inc., copyright © 1996, 2001, 2005 53 Agile Modeling Originally proposed by Scott Ambler Originally proposed by Scott Ambler Suggests a set of agile modeling principles Suggests a set of agile modeling principles Model with a purpose Model with a purpose Use multiple models Use multiple models Travel light Travel light Content is more important than representation Content is more important than representation Know the models and the tools you use to create them Know the models and the tools you use to create them Adapt locally Adapt locally