1. Design pressure issues of Super-FRS dipole CrYogenic Department in Common System (CSCY), GSI, Darmstadt Yu Xiang, Hans Mueller* * Primay Beam Magnet Technology (PBMT), GSI Magnet test meeting at CERN (08-01-2015 )

2. It is quite different from the proposed way to cooldown the dipole (and multiplet) for GSI local cryogenics and test at CERN The proposed single circuit to cooldown the dipole (and multiplet) for local cryogenics at FAIR and test at CERN

3. Cooldown line In: 3 g/s,10 bars Total_DP_CEAdipole_group : ~ 5.1 bar refill line Coldown circuits (300 K to 100 K) for the thermal shield and the cold mass in the dipole group (design pressure: 20 bar) 50 K supply header (cooldown together with magnets) 4.5 K supply header 4.5 K return header (cooldown together with magnets) 80 K return header quench gas return header DP_Shield+CD_line = 1.1 bar x 3 = 3.3 bar DP_Cryostat = 0.6 bar (conservative assumption) x 3 = 1.8 bar For 5 tons cold mass, 3 g/s (DT=50 K) is specified in order to have cooldown speed about 1.5 ~ 2.0 K/hour from 300 K to 100 K ID 6 mm, effective length ofone circuit, 27.0 m

4. 48.8 mm 58.8 mm 62 mm52.2 mm 1.5 g/s Pressure drop estimation in one coil case of dipole during cooldown (geometry from prototype dipole)

5. Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EG - European Union Helium vessel (~45 litres) in dipole cryostat Piping (8 mm, DN25, DN65) in CEA dipole cryostat Category II: PS x V = 20 bar (design pressure) x 45 litres = 900 < 1000

6. Category I: PS x V = 4 bar (design pressure) x 45 litres = 180 < 200 Different design pressures: 4 bar for helium vessel and 20 bar for shield circuit. Helium vessel (~45 litres) in dipole cryostat Piping (8 mm, DN25, DN65) in CEA dipole cryostat

7. shield circuit inlet: ~ 1 g/s, 10 bars cold mass circuit: ~ 2.0 g/s, 4.0 bars In: 3 g/s,10 bars DP_shield_dipole_group = ~ 0.5 bar refill line Separate cooldown circuits (300 K to 100 K) for the thermal shield and the cold mass in the dipole group due to different design pressures (4 bar for helium vessel and 20 bar for shield circuit) 50 K supply header 4.5 K supply header (cooldown together with magnets) 4.5 K return header 80 K return header (cooldown together with magnets) quench gas return header Cooldown line DP_Shield = ~ 0.16 bar x 3 = ~ 0.5 bar DP_Cryostat = 0.92 bar (conservative assumption) x 3 = 2.8 bar DP_coldmass_dipole_group = ~ 2.8 bar Return flow: ~ 2.0 g/s, 1.2 bars

8. shield circuit inlet: ~ 1 g/s, 10 bars cold mass circuit: ~ 2.0 g/s, 4.0 bars In: 3 g/s,10 bars DP_shield_dipole_group = ~ 0.5 bar refill line Cooldown (from 300 K to 100 K) of the thermal shield and the cold mass in the dipole group (different design pressures, 4 bar for helium vessel and 20 bar for shield circuit) when cryolines are already at operation conditions 50 K supply header 4.5 K supply header (already at 4.5 K) 4.5 K return header (already at 4.5 K) 80 K return header quench gas return header Cooldown line DP_Shield = ~ 0.16 bar x 3 = ~ 0.5 bar DP_Cryostat = 0.92 bar (conservative assumption) x 3 = 2.8 bar DP_coldmass_dipole_group = ~ 2.8 bar

9. Cooldown line In: 50 g/s,10 bar refill line Coldown circuits (300 K to 100 K) for the thermal shield and the cold mass in the multiplet group before target (design pressure: 20 bar) 50 K supply header 4.5 K supply header 4.5 K return header (cooldown together with magnets) 80 K return header (cooldown together with magnets) quench gas return header DP_Shield+CD_line = 1.0 bar x 3 = 3.0 bar DP_Cryostat = 0.3 bar x 3 = 0.9 bar ID 28.5 mm, effective length ofone circuit, 54.0 m For 102 tons cold mass, 50 g/s (DT=50 K for individual cryostat) is specified to have cooldown rates about 1.5 ~ 2.0 K/hour from 300 K to 100 K Total_DP_3xmultiplets_group = 4.0 bar Total_DP_2xmultiplets_group = 2.7 bar

10. LN2 Precooler for LHC test benches in SM-18

11. Supply pressure: ~ 10 bar Return pressure: 5.0 ~ 6.0 bar to mid pressure return ofcompressors Return pressure: ~ 1.2 bar to low pressure returnof compressors One more return flow stream in heater exchangers design for precooler than the usual cases

12. Helium pressure rise due to thermal energy deposition under different liquid helium volumes and ullages with the assumption of isochoric process

13. Summary CEA Dipole Same design pressures for shield and coil case circuits [bara] Different design pressures for shield and coil case circuits [bara] Shield circuitCoil case circuitShield circuitCoil case circuit 20 ~ 5 (e.g.) PED pressure vessel category Category II for CEA dipole coil circuit reduction to category I is possible but with very low design pressure < 5 bara Cooldown flow (3.0 g/s) in series for test at CERN and machine at FAIR must be in paralle (CEA design: 1.5 ~ 2.0 g/s for coils and 1.0 g/s for shield) Individual cryostat test at CERN DP_shield: ~ 1.1 barDP_coils: ~ 0.6 barDP_shield: ~ 0.2 barDP: ~ 0.9 bar for coils Total DP ~ 1.7 bar for dipole cooldown (10 bar supply / 8.3 bar return); Total DP ~ 1.3 bar for multiplet cooldown with 50 g/s 10 bar supply / 9.8 bar return 4 bar supply / 3.1 bar return Precooler One common return flow from cooldown of dipole and multiplet Two return flow streams at different pressures Set pressure for safety valve 20< 4 bara

14. Thank you very much

15. Review of FAIR cryogenics, 27-28 February 2012 “The design pressures of the dipoles (prototype: 0.3 ~ 0.5 Mpa) and multiplets (Toshiba design: 0.3 Mpa) are rather low and different from each other, with no justification given for their values. The low design pressure makes it more difficult to control the large helium inventory in case of operational problems, which could result in large helium loss.” Design pressures of the dipoles and the multiplets

16. Review of FAIR cryogenics, 27-28 February 2012 “There seems to be a lack of understanding and late changes in the cooling method of these magnets. Whilst final cool-down is performed by injecting liquid helium into the bottom of the helium vessel and recovering vapour in the service turret, the magnets normally operate in baths of saturated helium with a controlled level ensuring complete immersion of the coils. Such a level control is reasonably easy to achieve by transferring liquid helium from a phase separator through an insulated line to the top of the bath which then operates as a decanter of the liquid from the vapour coming from the transfer losses. Feeding at the bottom of the bath prevents this decanting and may disrupt the level control.” LHe refill from the bottom or the top

17. Preliminary Design Review for Super-FRS Dipole (03-07-2014)