1. MY SIMPUR STORY Zahrina Zainal Abidin Universiti Brunei Darussalam By Zahrina ZA 1

2. Introduction of Simpur By Zahrina ZA 2

3. Dillenia or commonly known as Simpoh or Simpor or Simpur is a genus of 100 species of flowering plants in the family Dilleniaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions of southern Asia, Australasia, and the Indian Ocean islands. Please refer to the web below for all the Simpur species name and their characteristics : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dillenia http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/dilleni.htm INTRODUCTION OF SIMPUR By Zahrina ZA 3

4. “ The Shrubby Dillenia produces the national flower of Brunei. It is a large showy yellow flower, whose petals falls off after pollination by large carpenter bees which curl their bodies over the stamens and emit vibrations that cause the pollen to shoot out from the anthers onto the underside of the bee, a process called “buzz pollination”. About 35 days later, the round reddish- green fruits split dramatically before dawn into eight segments to expose shiny red seeds covered with a layer of red pulp ( the “sarcotesta or freshly seed coat popular with seeds. (Roger McIlroy & Claudia Obendrauf (2008). BACKGROUND OF SIMPUR By Zahrina ZA 4

5. The genus is named after the German botanist Johann Jacob Dillenius, and consists of evergreen or semi-evergreen trees and shrubs. By Zahrina ZA 5 INTRODUCTION OF SIMPUR

6. Classification of Simpur By Zahrina ZA 6

7. Scientific Classification KingdomPlantae Sub-kingdomTracheobionta Vascular Plants Superdivision Spermatophyt a Seed Plants DivisionMagnoliophyta Flowering Plants ClassMagnoliopsida Dicotyledons SubclassDillenidae OrderDilleniales FamilyDileniaceae GenusDilenia By Zahrina ZA 7

8. HABITAT OF SIMPUR Dillenia is widespread in Brunei and can grow in various habitats. It is a species that can be seen in the white sands of Brunei where it serves as the colonizer of the sands other species can not live. In due time, the white sands will become a new rainforest. By Zahrina ZA 8

9. Types of Simpur with their common names in Brunei By Zahrina ZA 9

10. SPECIESCOMMON NAME Dillenia Suffruticosa (Griffith) Martelli Simpoh Air, Simpor Bini Buan (Iban), tegering abai (Murut), dingrng kala’o (Belait) Dillenia Grandifolio Wallich ex Hooker f. & Thomson Pokok Simpoh Daun Merah Dillenia Reticulata KingPokok Simpoh Gajah, simpor pay Dillenia Excelsa (Jack) Gilg Pokok Simpoh Ungu, simpor laki, simpur laki, simpoh, Simpur laki (Brunei, Dusun) Beringin (Iban) Dillenia beccariana MartelliRiver simpor, Buan (Iban) Dillenia Indica Linnaeus Dillenia Borneensis HooglandUbah rusa (Iban) Dillenia Sumatrana Miquel Simpur Laki (Brunei), Peru (Iban), Menterong Dillenia Pulchella (Jack) GilgSimpur paya Types of Brunei Simpur with their common names By Zahrina ZA 10

11. Where can Simpur be found? By Zahrina ZA 11

12. Habitat of Simpur Simpur can be found at the following regions:  Asia  Australasia  Indian Ocean Islands By Zahrina ZA 12

13. Distribution of Dillenia species in Brunei 1.Dillenia beccariana (Martelli) Borneo endemic. Locally common on the clay slopes in the lower Temburong and Batu Apoi valleys, in the Ulu Tutong and at Tasik Merimbun. 2.Dillenia borneensis (Hoogland) Found rare in Brunei: on clay soils in mixed dipterocarp forest at 300m in temburong District. By Zahrina ZA 13

14. 3. Dillenia excelsa (jack) Gilg Found throughout Brunei especially in moist valleys and lower slopes. 4.Dillenia grandifolia (Wallich) Uncommon in Brunei:known from Ulu Ingei and Andulau Forest reserve, Belait, and Kuala Belalong, Amo. Distribution of Dillenia species in Brunei By Zahrina ZA 14

15. 5.Dillenia indica (Linnaeus) Not native in Brunei: sometimes cultivated. 6.Dillenia reticulata (king) Locally frequent on sandy soils in the floodplains o f the streams within Andulau Forest Reserve in Brunei, and in Ulu Belait. 7.Dillenia pulchella (Jack)Gilg Mixed peatswamp fprest and swampy kerangas, in Brunei especially near the coast. Distribution of Dillenia species in Brunei By Zahrina ZA 15

16. 8.Dillenia suffruticosa (Griffith)martelli Abundant on degraded land, often where covering from fire; also common in river banks and other open place, especially downriver and on poor soils. In the white sands, this Simpor Bini is a very important species. It acts as a pioneer species, colonizing the white sands where other tree species are unable to establish themselves on the white sands. Distribution of Dillenia species in Brunei 16 By Zahrina ZA

17. 9.Dillenia sumatrana (miquel) Common in Brunei: in lowland mixed dipterocarp forest on leached sandy and sandy clay soils-Belait and Tutong districts but far not from Temburong. By Zahrina ZA 17 Distribution of Dillenia species in Brunei

18. By Zahrina ZA 18 Use s of Simpur plant

19. Medicinal use of Simpur By Zahrina ZA 19 Traditionally Simpur is use as medicine as follows: The young shoots is used to stop external bleeding, the twigs, calyx or the leaf-stalks are broken and the exudates applied to the wound. The fruit pulp may be used to wash the hair.

20. Other use s of Simpur Dillenia leaves are so large that they were always used to wrap food such as tempeh (fermented soyabean cakes), nasi lemak and tapai (fermented rice). The leaves Can also be rolled into shallow cones to contain traditional "fast food" such as rojak. The mature or old leaves of some species contain a deposit of silica in their tissues and thus they were once used as sandpaper. By Zahrina ZA 20

21. Some people use the plant as a guide to decide where to dig a well. It acts an indicator of the availability of water source. This plant sends out very deep tap roots to reach underground water sources. This is commonly use in Kampong areas. The fruit of Simpur can be fed to the mouse deer or pelandok when they are kept in captivity. (Joan Thurman & I. Poh Ai Cheong, (2008)) Other use s of Simpur By Zahrina ZA 21

22. Links:  Joan Thurman & I. Poh Ai Cheong, (2008). Some Common Plants and animals in Brunei Darussalam. Publication of Universiti Brunei Darussalam  Roger McIlroy & Claudia Obendrauf (2008).The Seashore plants Volume 2: Panaga Natural History Society, Panaga, Seria, Brunei Darussalam  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dillenia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dillenia  http://www.wellgrowhorti.com/page/landscapeplants/Trees/Tree%20 ist%20D.htm http://www.wellgrowhorti.com/page/landscapeplants/Trees/Tree%20 ist%20D.htm  http://srttaseancorner.blogspot.com/2010_04_01_archive.html http://srttaseancorner.blogspot.com/2010_04_01_archive.html  http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/dilleni.htm http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/dilleni.htm  http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senarai_pokok http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senarai_pokok Resources By Zahrina ZA 22

23. By Zahrina ZA 23 The End