1. Chapter 9 Section 2 Page 234 – 238

2. Reading Number One Christianity Spreads to Northern Europe Page 234 - 236

3. Christianity Spreads to Northern Europe  Rome Falls – Result: Europe divides into many small Kingdoms Many of these new Kingdoms were not Christian  How does Christianity move into Europe? Through the works of Missionaries and Monks

4. Christianity Spreads to Northern Europe  New vocabulary word: Pope The leader of the Catholic Church  Pope sees it as his mission to “Christianize” the barbarians of Europe Pope send Catholic Missionaries to Europe to spread Christianity ○ Missionaries travel to: Britain France Germany Most notable missionary: Saint Patrick

5. Christianity Spreads to Northern Europe  Once Missionaries have converted people to Christianity - Monasteries are built: Monks ○ Live in Monasteries ○ Do not travel but live apart from society ○ Devote their life to God  Life in Monasteries: Strict and structured ○ Following rules makes you a good Christian Benedict Monks one of the most strict orders

6. Christianity Spreads to Northern Europe  Monks are to work inside and outside of the Monastery Some of their jobs are: ○ Health care ○ Helping the poor and needy ○ Run schools and make/copy books ○ Save ancient writing from Greece and Rome ○ Act as scribes and advisors to local leaders

7. Focus Questions 1. What is the difference between a monk and a missionary? 2. How did missionaries and monks help spread Christianity into Europe?

8. Reading Number Two The Franks Build an Empire Page 237

9. The Franks Build an Empire  Barbarian group called the Franks took over Gaul (France) First King of Gaul: Clovis ○ First king to convert to Christianity  King Charlemagne (Charles the Great) Both a warrior and a strong king Out of all the Frankish kings Charlemagne expanded the Kingdom the most ○ France, Germany, Austria, Italy, and Northern Spain

10. The Franks Build an Empire  Pope crowned Charlemagne Emperor of the Romans  Charlemagne not only known for expanding his Kingdom but also known for his work in: Education ○ Build schools ○ Brought scholars to capital city

11. Focus Questions 1. What were some of Charlemagne’s major accomplishments? 2. After learning about Charlemagne and his reign do you believe he was a good or bad king? (give examples to support your view point)

12. Reading Number 3 Invaders Threaten Europe Page 237 - 238

13. Invaders Threaten Europe  Kingdoms all over Europe were under attack from invaders Three major groups terrorize Europe: ○ Moors (Muslims) Attacked: -Southern France and Northern Italy from the South Focused on the coast and inland areas ○ Magyars Attacked: -Hungary, France, Germany, and Italy from the East Focused on the interior of Europe

14. Invaders Threaten Europe  Vikings (Scandinavia) Attacked: ○ Britain, Ireland, Iceland, Germany, France, and Spain from the North Focused on the coastline and would travel up rivers into the interior ○ “Smash and Grab” Loot towns and monasteries for food and gold Took prisoners and sold them as slaves for money

15. Focus Questions 1. What are the names of the three groups that invaded Europe? 2. Why were people in Europe so frightened of Viking raids?