1. What impact did Gladstone and Disraeli have on the movement for reform?
Key Questions:
Who were Gladstone and Disraeli?
Why did their background create animosity?
Why did Gladstone join the Liberals?
What did they think of each other?
What were their early influences?

2. Who were Gladstone and Disraeli?
Learning Objectives:
To understand who these two politicians are
To identify their beliefs and backgrounds
To begin to apply this to their political careers and influences

3. British Prime Ministers
British Prime Ministers – politicians who determine policy !
How many times do Gladstone and Disraeli appear?
Disraeli – 1868 and 1874
Gladstone – 1868, 1880,
1886 and 1892

4. Gladstone and Disraeli
Read the book review about the 2 politicians. Complete the double bubble to identify similarities and differences between them.
Gladstone
Disraeli

5. William Gladstone What impression do you get of him from this clip?

6. Disraeli http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3yrPtRgK6Gk&feature=related
What impression do you get from these 2 clips?

7. Double Bubble!
Using the book review you have been given complete the following task:
Gladstone
Both inconsistent
Both had self doubt
Each had illness
Anglican
religious
Not-witty
Disraeli
corrupt
Jewish
witty

8. Using the book review you have been given complete the following task:
Pick out features of each politician
Can you find any evidence of animosity?
Gladstone
Disraeli
Cloud compelling manner
Religious prig
Prig
Boring
Able to inspire MP’s
Jewish adventurer
Dandy
Man of business
Corrupt
Feud over Peel
Criticism over Maynooth
Criticism of Gladstone over Disraeli’s budget
Triumphs over 1867 Bill
Gladstone won 1868 election
Personal revulsion between them

9. How do Gladstone and Disraeli get into power?
Learning Objectives
To learn about the rise to power of these 2 politicians
To understand the influences that shaped their views.

10. What do you already know about the two parties ?
Conservatives
Liberals

11. Gladstone and Disraeli What were the influences on these two politicians?
Why was he an ‘unlikely’ potential leader of the Conservatives?
Disraeli re-defined what the Tory Party stood for; explain his thinking on this and, in particular, clarify the term “Tory Democracy”
Why did Disraeli attack Peel so strongly in 1846?
Look at the Crisis of Conservatism on pages ; do you think that the Conservatives were not successful because of the Liberal Party or because of their own problems?

12. Gladstone and Disraeli What were the influences on these two politicians?
Why was he an ‘unlikely’ potential leader of the Conservatives?
Jewish by birth in an anti-Semitic society. Most conservative backbenchers were Anglican
His background was literary not landed
Deficiencies in education – worked as a solicitors clerk
No real achievement until aged 40
Scandalous marriage and reckless lifestyle
Disraeli re-defined what the Tory Party stood for; explain his thinking on this and, in particular, clarify the term “Tory Democracy”
Tory Party was a ‘National Party’ and the real source of democracy in England
Tory Democracy – vague (a strength and weakness), natural leaders of people, trust instinctive patriotism and conservatism, sought popular alliance
More charismatic style of leadership
Paternal approach from wealthy to poor at all levels
Spirit of community and be spared aggressive individualism of Liberals
Why did Disraeli attack Peel so strongly in 1846?
Turned down his bids to be in gov 1842 – revenge?
Claimed Peel was ignoring claims of the party and undermining parliamentary system
Peels outdated leadership = PM sovereign and sovereign serves the people
Look at the Crisis of Conservatism on pages ; do you think that the Conservatives were not successful because of the Liberal Party or because of their own problems?
Tories – could only form minority gov lacked support, struggled to form policies when in power, 1859 Disraeli’s reform bill looked half hearted, Palmerston’s spell as PM was a disaster
Liberals – Gladstone's attack on Disraeli’s budget and his own successful budget the year after

13. Gladstone and Disraeli What were the influences on these two politicians?
How far did religion influence Gladstone personally and in his political views?
What evidence is there that Gladstone was hard-working?
Why do you think that both Liberals and Conservatives were keen to have Gladstone in their party?

14. Gladstone and Disraeli What were the influences on these two politicians?
How far did religion influence Gladstone personally and in his political views?
Deeply committed Christian and had thought seriously about ordiantion in C of Egland
Believed best way he could serve wa sthrough politics
1830s he believed Whigs, Radicals and Irish were conspiring to destroy Anglican Church in Ireland
Began to change his ideas – believed Church-State principals were unstable, and Anglican Church in Ireland unrealistic, Non-Conformists contributed to British Christianity
BUT – always believed the church had to choose between right and wrong
What evidence is there that Gladstone was hard-working?
Political and administrative ability caught the attention of Peel
1835 – (in 3 years) given office as Under-Secretary for War and Colonies
1841 served on Board of Trade (under Peel)
1843 – promoted to Cabinet Rank
It was halted by his resignation over Maynooth
Gained reputation as immensely able and industrious minister
“Gladstone can do in 4 hours what it took any other man 16 hours to do” – he worked 16 hours a day
Saw ministerial responsibilities as a joy not a burden and his work with Free Trade appealed to his Christian beliefs
Why do you think that both Liberals and Conservatives were keen to have Gladstone in their party?
His administrative skills and rhetorical power in Commons remained widely admired (even whilst in political exile with Peel)
1850s Whig and Conservative PMs attempted to recruit him – wanted his stability
1853 – produced one of the countries most celebrated budgets

15. Gladstone Disraeli Jewish by birth
Background was literary – not landed
Not a good education
40 years old before he won recognition
Was a scoundrel and untrustworthy
Reckless, immoral, in debt
He saw Whigs as a threat to freedom of men, he argued Tories were the National Party the Democratic Party of England – Tory Democracy (they were the natural leaders)
He had remedies for society
Charismatic political leadership
Paternalistic approach from wealthy to poor including factory owners
Provision of schools, churches, better housing class, conflict would be destroyed and so would radical disintegration
He undertook a personal vendetta against Peel and vilified him for his failings
Was against centralisation of the state
Made Peel squirm after 1844 he claimed Peel was undermining whole Parliamentary system
Saw Peel as unfit
Crisis in Conservatism: unelectable
First budget of 1852 conceded protectionism was over – cut tariffs and raised income tax
Wealthy commercial background
Father MP
Went to Eton/Oxford and very talented
Entered Commons at 23 – early
Deeply committed Christian and wanted to defend the CofE and make it only state Church
Brilliant early career – under Peel and again in 1841
Saw politics as a form of service
Free trade had a moral and Christian content - the creation and preservation of wealth was a Christian duty and in turn – the individual held greater responsibility.
The Free Market rewarded the virtuous and thrifty and punished the vicious and spendthrift
Free Trade secured social harmony and justice
His budget was based on the principals of laissez-faire and retrenchment
Budget – threshold lowered for income tax and 300 duties lowered or abolished

16. Why did Gladstone join the Liberals?
Did not want to work with Disraeli
Gladstone was ambitious and the Conservatives never won
He wanted vital reforms and the Tories didn’t have the power
He was nearer the way of Liberal thinking (religious, economic and foreign policies)
Gladstone eventually becomes leader of the Liberals, but he was asked to join the Conservatives.
Use the single sheet and choose the top 3 reasons which explain why he refused to join the Conservative Party.

17. What impact did Gladstone and Disraeli have on the movement for reform?
Read “The Nature of Politics ”
What 4 Key points is it making?

18. What does this tell you about why a Reform Act might be passed in the future?

19. Assessment: What impact did Gladstone and Disraeli have on the movement for reform?