1. Social and Environmental Factors that Influence African American Women’s Infant Feeding Choices. SOCY 691 Spring 2015 A presentation by Lauren N. Jenkins

2. ISSUE: Disparity of breastfeeding amongst African American Mothers

3. BREASTFEEDING

4. Breastfeeding in America  Breastfeeding has positive effects for mother and child from a nutritional, physiological, and developmental perspective (Johnson, A., Kirk, R., Rosenblum, K., & Musil, M. 2015).  Breastfeeding rates in the United States have increased  Research, social awareness, and legislation are just some factors contributing to this rise

5. Centers for Disease Control STATS Breastfeeding. (2014, September 2). Retrieved March 24, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/ http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/

6. The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding. (2011, January 1). Retrieved March 20, 2015, from http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/calls/breastfeeding/index.html http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/calls/breastfeeding/index.html Disparities in Breastfeeding Practices

7. PURPOSE OF PROJECT Explore the Barriers to African American Women Engaging in Breastfeeding Practices

8. Objective(s)  Identify the Social and Cultural Factors that contribute to African American Infant feeding practices  Identify the Environmental Settings that impact African American Infant feeding practices  Explore Resources and Information to aid and promote Healthy Breastfeeding practices for African American Mothers

9. Social and Cultural Factors That Contribute to African American Infant Feeding Practices

10. Belief Systems Lifestyle Choices Family Influence

12. Environmental Settings That Impact African American Infant Feeding Practices

13. The Workplace Public Settings Community We Live In

15. INFORMATION & RESOURCES To Aid and Promote Healthy Breastfeeding Practices for African American Mothers

17. Va. Code § 2.2-1147.1Va. Code § 2.2-1147.1 (2002, 2015) guarantees a woman the right to breastfeed her child on in any place where the mother is lawfully present, including any location where she would otherwise be allowed on property that is owned, leased or controlled by the state. The bill also stipulates that childbirth and related medical conditions specified in the Virginia Human Rights Act include activities of lactation, including breastfeeding and expression of milk by a mother for her child. (HB 1264, HB 1499) Md. Health-General Code Ann. § 20- 801Md. Health-General Code Ann. § 20- 801 (2003) permits a woman to breastfeed her infant in any public or private place and prohibits anyone from restricting or limiting this right. (SB 223)SB 223 Maryland Breastfeeding Law(s) Virginia Breastfeeding Law(s)

19. References  Breastfeeding. (2014, September 2). Retrieved March 24, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/ http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/  Cottrell, B., & Detman, L. (2013). Breastfeeding Concerns and Experiences of African American Mothers. MCN, The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing, 297-304. Retrieved March 20, 2015, from http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com.proxy.library.vcu.edu/sp- 3.15.1b/ovidweb.cgi?WebLinkFrameset=1&S=BCAGFPKDOLDDOOJIN CKKAFOBJOJBAA00&returnUrl=ovidweb.cgi?&Full+Text=L%7cS.sh.54. 55%7c0%7c00005721-201309000- 00009&S=BCAGFPKDOLDDOOJINCKKAFOBJOJBAA00 http://ovidsp.tx.ovid.com.proxy.library.vcu.edu/sp- 3.15.1b/ovidweb.cgi?WebLinkFrameset=1&S=BCAGFPKDOLDDOOJIN CKKAFOBJOJBAA00&returnUrl=ovidweb.cgi?&Full+Text=L%7cS.sh.54. 55%7c0%7c00005721-201309000- 00009&S=BCAGFPKDOLDDOOJINCKKAFOBJOJBAA00  Johnson, A., Kirk, R., & Muzik, M. (2015). Overcoming Workplace Barriers: A Focus Group Study Exploring African American Mothers’ Needs for Workplace Breastfeeding Support. Ournal of Human Lactation : Official Journal of International Lactation Consultant Association.,2015.  Johnson, A., Kirk, R., Rosenblum, K., & Musil, M. (2015). Enhancing breastfeeding rates among African American women: A systematic review of current psychosocial interventions. Breastfeeding Medicine, P.45-P.45.

20. References  Labbok, M. (2012). Community interventions to promote optimal breastfeeding.  Spencer, B., & Grassley, J. (2013). African American Women and Breastfeeding: An Integrative Literature Review. Health Care For Women International, 607- 625.  Street, D., & Lewallen, L. (2013). The Influence of Culture on Breast-Feeding Decisions by African American and White Women. The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 43-51.  The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Support Breastfeeding. (2011, January 1). Retrieved March 20, 2015, from http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/calls/breastfee ding/index.html http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/calls/breastfee ding/index.html