1. Which type of muscle is labeled I in the Venn diagram? a. cardiac b. filament c. skeletal d. smooth

2. Which type of muscle is labeled II in the Venn diagram? a. cardiac b. filament c. skeletal d. smooth

3. Which type of muscle is labeled III in the Venn diagram? a. cardiac b. filament c. skeletal d. smooth

4. Which describes a difference between the dermis and epidermis? a. The epidermis is typically as thick as a piece of paper and the dermis is as much as 40 times thicker. b. The dermis contains keratin, while the epidermis is mostly made up of fat cells. c. The epidermis is primarily composed of connective tissue and the dermis is mostly made up of hair follicles. d. The epidermis is completely made up of nerve cells, which are lacking in the dermis.

5. A tissue is observed to contain nerve cells, muscle fibers, and oil glands. Where is this tissue found? a. dermis b. epidermis c. hair d. nails

6. Which lists the layers of skin from outer to inner? a. dermis, melanin b. epidermis, dermis c. melanin, epidermis d. keratin, epidermis

7. Which of the following describes the role of keratin in the epidermis? a. Keratin allows the skin to fall off. b. Keratin allows new skin to grow. c. Keratin makes the skin waterproof. d. Keratin protects the skin from UV light.

8. Where is the type of tissue that provides insulation in mammals found? a. epithelial cells of the dermis b. subcutaneous layer c. sebaceous glands d. outer layer of the dermis

9. What is the function of oil glands on the face? a. Oil protects the hair from sun damage. b. Oil allows hair to grow out of the skin. c. Oil prevents acne from occurring. d. Oil prevents the skin from drying out.

10. A person living close to the North Pole fractures a bone in December. She finds that it takes an unusually long time to heal. Which best explains why this might occur? a. Decreased exposure to the Sun results in more calcium released by the skin. b. Decreased exposure to the Sun results in less vitamin D produced by the skin. c. Greater exposure to cold results in softer bones. d. Greater exposure to cold results in bones that are brittle.

11. What is most likely to result if 1 square centimeter of skin on the back of a person’s hand was removed in an accident? a. The person would not be able to feel textures with his palm. b. The body would not be able to regulate temperature. c. Organs, such as the heart, would be exposed. d. Bacteria could enter the body, causing an infection.

12. Which correctly sequences the events that occur when a person gets a cut that bleeds? a.The person bleeds, The blood clots, A scab forms, white blood cells enter the area b.The person bleeds, a scab forms, the blood clots, white blood cells enter the body c.The person bleeds, the blood clots, new cells fill in the area, a scab forms, skin cells divide, white blood cells enter the body d.The person bleeds, a scab forms, the blood clots, skin cells divide, white blood cells enter the area, new cells fill in the area

13. What might result if ossification did not occur? a. The skeleton could not store calcium. b. The skeleton would be made of cartilage. c. The bones would sprain easily. d. The bones could not move.

14. What might result if osteoblasts were not functioning properly? a. Cartilage would become infected. b. Too many blood cells would be produced. c. Bone cells could not be broken down. d. Bone growth would be affected.

15. A person with scleroderma is sometimes referred to as having “hard skin.” Which of the following is affected in this disorder? a. subcutaneous glands b. connective tissue c. muscle fibers d. nerve cells

16. Which of the following correctly sequences the events of bone repair? a. A blood clot forms where the break occurred. Cartilage then forms at the break followed by compact bone formation. Spongy bone fills the space. b. A blood clot forms where the break occurred. Cartilage then forms at the break, followed by spongy bone formation. Finally compact bone fills the space. c. Cartilage forms at the break. A blood clot forms where the break occurred followed by compact bone formation. Finally spongy bone fills the space. d. Cartilage forms at the break. A blood clot forms where the break occurred, followed by spongy bone formation. Finally compact bone fills the space.

17. In which type of tissue would you expect to find the most mitochondria? a. bicep b. hair c. arm bone d. skin

18. Which would not be possible if the triceps muscle were severed? a. extending the arm straight out b. bending the forearm toward the shoulder c. opening and closing the hand d. rotating the thumb

19. What would result if the heart were made of skeletal muscle? a. It would beat according to its own pacemaker. b. It would not contain any striations when dissected. c. You would have to think about controlling its beating. d. It would not be strong enough to pump blood throughout the body.

20. Epithelial cells are similar to the shingles of a roof in that they are both flat and overlap. How does this structure aid in their function? a. It allows the individual cells to shed more easily. b. It allows the whole structure of the skin to be lightweight. c. It allows them to form a barrier to the outside. d. It allows them to use small amounts of space.

21. What might occur if a scab does not form over a cut that has damaged blood vessels? a. Bacteria may enter the body. b. Skin cells may not divide. c. The cut may not bleed. d. White blood cells will attack the skin.

22. Leukemia results when an excess of defective blood cells are produced. These defective cells interfere with the production of normal blood cells. Which of the following treatments would most likely help someone with leukemia? a. blood transfusion b. bone marrow transplant c. muscle relaxers d. skin graft

23. Which of the following best explains why sprinters are not usually good at long-distance running. a. Long distance running requires more training than sprinting. b. Sprinters have more mitochondria, which slows them down over time. c. Sprinters’ muscles get tired after short distances. d. The myoglobin of sprinters does not function properly.

24. Which best explains why chicken wings are considered dark meat? a. They have high energy demands and must store a lot of oxygen. b. They contain many myofibrils. c. They are used for flying, which requires short bursts of energy. d. They contain few mitochondria.

25. A student states that the contraction of a skeletal muscle begins when a nerve impulse causes calcium to be released. The calcium causes the actin and myosin filaments to attach, then myosin begins to move, contracting the muscle. Which evaluation of this answer is most appropriate? a. The answer is correct. b. Actin filaments move, not myosin. c. Calcium is not involved in muscle contraction. d. The sequence of events is incorrect.

26. A person running for a long period of time feels tired. She keeps running and feels her breathing quicken. Which explains what is most likely happening in the cells of her leg muscles? a. The fast-twitch muscles are taking over in the leg. b. The excess ATP produced is used for breathing. c. Oxygen is taken from the muscles to be used in the lungs. d. The cells have switched from aerobic to anaerobic respiration.

27. A person describes a burn as being painless. Upon evaluation, you determine that he has suffered a bad burn. Which of the following best explains why he feels no pain associated with the burn? a. Damage to the dermis destroyed the nerve cells. b. Damage only occurred in the epidermal layer. c. The damaged cells were shed from the body. d. Damage to pain receptors was prevented by keratin.

28. Epithelial cells are found in the ____________________.

29. When the fur on a cat’s back rises, a phenomenon similar to ____________________ in humans, is occurring.

30. If the muscle labeled _____ in the picture was injured, it would be difficult to extend the leg.

31. The molecule that stores oxygen in muscle tissue is ____________________.

32. The integumentary system is made up of epithelial, nervous, connective, and ____________________ tissue.

33. Compare and contrast epidermis and dermis.

34. Compare and contrast compact bone and spongy bone.

35. How does the buildup of lactic acid in muscle cells result in more oxygen being delivered to your cells?