1. Chapter 5: What Factors Influence Change in Meiji Japan?
How Did Outside Influences Create a Crisis?
How Did Japan Respond to the Crisis?
How Did the Political System Change?
How Did Japan Begin to Modernize?

2. What Factors Influenced Change in Meiji Japan?
In the mid 19th century…
Japan changed to a urbanized society
The Seclusion Policy’s wanted to be continued
The outside world had other plans….

3. Thinking About Your Island
You have managed to keep your island isolated from the rest of the world for hundreds of years. You have discovered that other countries have new technologies and ways of doing things that you don’t have, ie. New medical procedures, new warfare methods, technology.
1. How concerned would the people of your island be that the rest of the world has all this advanced technology?
2. You have decided to modernize your country to catch up with the rest of the world in a short period of time. How will you accomplish this? Where would you begin? What would be your vision of your new society?
Individually complete a one page write up answering all of the above questions

4. Thinking About Your Island
The Debate: Round Table Discussion
Which would be the best way to modernize a country
Expectations
You need to raise your hand and wait for the speaker to acknowledge you
Once acknowledged you may explain your point
Remember: Your participation in the debate and how your communicate your idea determines your mark for this skill

5. Thinking About Your Island
#1. Going around the group what are your ideas for rapid modernization.
#2. Who’s idea is the best?
Justify why!!!!

6. How Did Outside Influences Create a Crisis?
It was inevitable that there would be outside influence in Japan
Many trading ships passing by
Ship wrecked sailors washing up on shore
The Bakufu and Shogun were afraid of losing influence in Japan and the sovereignty
They kept the isolation policies

7. How Did Outside Influences Create a Crisis?
The Influence of Russia Assignment
Reading pages 166 and 167 find all the information needed to complete the assignment

8. The Influence of Russia
Think-Pair-Share
In groups of four compare your conclusions
Decide on the best information to share with the rest of the class

9. The Influence of Russia
Timeline
1798-Japan learns that Russia is settling in the Kuril Islands
1801-Japan claimed the Kuril Islands and drove the Russians off
1804-Russia asks for trade relations. Japan makes them wait 6 months to tell them no
1805-Annoyed with the slow response a Russian ship begins nuisance attacks
1811-Japan kept with isolation policy. They captured the commander of the Russian ship, held him in prison for 2 years before releasing him to the Dutch

10. What Russia Did….
Why Did they take Interest in Japan?

11. What Russia Did….
To create a crisis?

12. What Russia Did….
What did they do to stop the crisis?

13. What Japan Did….
How did they respond to the interest?

14. What Japan Did….
To create a crisis?

15. What Japan Did….
To stop the crisis?

16. How Did Outside Influences Create a Crisis?
Assignment: The Influence of Europe and China
Complete the assignment working in pairs reading pages

17. Assignment: The Influence of Europe and China
Think-Pair-Share
In groups of four share your ideas and decide on the most important ones to discuss with the class.

18. What Europe Did……
Why was there increasing interest?

19. What Europe Did……
To Create a Crisis?

20. What Europe Did……
Were their actions positive/negative? Possible consequences?

21. What Japan Did……
How did they respond to European countries?

22. What Japan Did……
To Create a Crisis?

23. What Japan Did……
Were their actions taken positive or negative? Consequences?

24. What Did China Do….
Why was there increasing interest?

25. What Did China Do….
To Create a Crisis?

26. To Create a Crisis?
Were their actions taken positive or negative? Consequences?

27. What Japan Did……
How did they respond to European countries?

28. What Japan Did……
To Create a Crisis?

29. What Japan Did……
Were their actions taken positive or negative? Consequences?

30. Thinking About Your Island
Imagine that a foreign country arrived in one of your ports with an army of war ships claiming that they want to discuss trade arrangements.
How would you view their methods? Peaceful or forceful?
Would you be intimidated?
How would your approach the situation?

31. The Influence of the United States
The United States also wanted to establish trade relations
Along a major trade route and wanted to set up a coal refueling station
Assistance for any ship wrecked sailors
But things did not go as smoothly as everyone hoped…

32. The Crisis With America: Fearing for Sovereignty
1845: American Representative sent to establish trade and coal station. They were told to sail to Nagasaki after landing in Edo.
1853: Commodore Perry entered Edo with 4 war ships met with 5000 samurai to meet with Japanese officials. Perry had three goals
Get supplies and coal
Protect American ship wrecked sailors
Enter a trade agreement

33. The Crisis With America: Fearing for Sovereignty
1854: Perry returned with a stronger squadron. Bakufu signed the Treaty of Kanasawa.
This allowed Japan to stay independent and control their country
Perry only accomplished two of his goals with the treaty
Two ports were open to the US
Shipwrecked sailors would be helped

34. The Crisis With America: Fearing for Sovereignty
1856: A complex trade agreement was trying to be established between the US and Japan
Shogun supported it but the Emperor did not
1858: The Harris Treaty is signed after long negotiations
Americans were alowed to live in Edo and Osaka under American laws
1863: 5 ports were open to US ships, allowing goods to enter Japan
US supplied Japan with ships, weapons, technicians

35. Japans Response to Change…
The Bakufu and the samurai had heated debates over the treaties
They were seen as unequal treaties favoring the US
This started the pressure to sign treaties with other European countries
Again these were unequal treaties and people began to lose support in the shogun
Isolation was no longer possible
Japan had to change to compete with the western world

36. The Crisis With The World: Fearing for Sovereignty
Study Tool: Cause and Effect: Japan Policy vs. The World
Complete cause and effect chart with a partner

37. How Did Japan Respond to the Crisis?
Thinking About Your Island
Two different point of views have been created about your island coming out of isolation
One says to stay in isolation and fight back
One says to change and begin trade to avoid violence
Can you think of points that will support each point of view for your island?

38. Thinking About Your Island
Points for staying is isolation…
-keep culture , religion, beliefs
-keep power and control
-less visitors
-not as many diseases

39. Thinking About Your Island
Points for opening up to trade…
-new weapons technology (technicians)
-different kind of food
-be informed of what other people have
-allies
-new language
-new visitors

40. How Did Japan Respond to the Crisis?
Different Points of View
Japan would be forced into trade agreements eventually
Not possible to remain isolated
Did not want to be taken over by other countries
Japan needed to use western technologies to become more powerful and independent

41. How Did Japan Respond to the Crisis?
Different Points of View Cont
Japan should remain isolated
Declare war on western countries
Kill all foreigners in Japan
Believed that the common Japanese would be exposed to a different way of living and technology
Would undermine the social structure and class system

42. How Did Japan Respond to the Crisis? –Civil Unrest
Mid 1800’s unrest across all of Japan
Poor crops caused people to starve
Why pay taxes?
Blaming the government because they could not control peoples unrest
This all caused people to lose support for the Bakufu
Why were they making all these changes dealing with foreigners?

43. How Did Japan Respond to the Crisis? –Civil Unrest
Many samurai were beginning to support the Emperor more than the shogun
Harris treaty went against the Emperor wishes
Felt stronger loyalty to Emperor
They truly never really supported the shogun
Choshu, Satsuma, Tosa, Saga
They used the issue of foreign presence to fuel contempt for Bakufu

44. How Did Japan Respond to the Crisis? –Civil Unrest
The critics of the shogun wanted to create a new government headed by the Emperor
“Revere the emperor! Expel the barbarians”
They began to prepare for war using western weapons
In 1867 samurai from Tosa convinced the shogun to resign
Before this could happen Satsuma and Choshu military intervened and claimed Meiji as the emperor
He quickly abolished the shogun

45. How Did Japan Respond to the Crisis? –Civil Unrest
Shogun responded with a military attack
Battle continued until the shogun’s military was defeated in the spring of 1869 (The Last Samurai)
Edo surrendered without a battle
Now the Imperial Court was the highest authority in Japan
Edo was renamed Tokyo “Eastern Capital”

46. How Did Japan Respond to the Crisis?
What kinds of civil unrest did the Bakufu have to deal with during the 250 years following up to the Meiji Period?
How many ways can you come up with that Japan used to resolve the conflicts during this period of isolation?

47. How Did Japan Respond to the Crisis?
What kinds of civil unrest did the Bakufu have to deal with during the 250 years following up to the Meiji Period?
How many ways can you come up with that Japan used to resolve the conflicts during this period of isolation?

48. How Did the Political System Change?
Meiji leaders used the creation myth to their advantage with the Emperor
“sacred and inviolable”
Appeal to Japanese traditionalists to build loyalty
Used a young Emperor as a symbol of unity
He was loved by all!!!!!!

49. How Did the Political System Change?
The Charter Oath
1868 Emperor Meiji signed the Charter Oath that outlined the goals of the new regime
Future policies would be based on consensus from all daimyo in all domains
Democracy????
The charter showed a change in all three areas of a worldview
Political, social, culture
The leaders hoped this would be the new model for Japan
The Unity of Rights and Rule

50. How Did the Political System Change?
Deliberative assemblies shall be widely established and all matters decided by public discussion
Those who did not participate in the coup are still involved in the national policy
Samurai will not be left out
All classes, high and low, shall unite in vigorously carrying out the administration of the state
Challenge to old social structure and plea for unity

51. How Did the Political System Change?
The common people, no less than the civil and military officials, shall be allowed to persue their own calling so that there shall be no dissent
Abolish the feudal system, create freedom
Evil customs of the past shall be ended and everything shall be based on the laws of nature
Rewards based on merit, not family

52. How Did the Political System Change?
Knowledge shall be sought throughout the world so as to strengthen the foundations of imperial rule
Shows true openness to foreign knowledge and increase power

53. How Did the Political System Change?
Thinking About Your Island
How do you think the citizens of your island would react to the sudden opening of your borders to other countries?
How would creating a Charter of Oath like Japan affect the way you ruled your country?
How would that unify your country after a civil war?
How can you see different points of view in the Charter of Oath? Give specific examples

54. How Did Japan Reshape Its Worldview and Begin to Modernize?
New Leadership
The Emperor was the official head of government
The coup leaders created an oligarchy and were in charge
Created changes that promoted economic growth and industrialization
“Enrich the country, strengthen the military”

55. How Did Japan Reshape Its Worldview and Begin to Modernize?
The new leaders were young, intelligent samurai who wanted change
Academic and military skills
Traveled to other countries
Studied under Yoshida or Satsuma
Originally against foreigners but realized quality of western technology and its benefits
They had two key goals
Modernize Japan and make economy grow
Renegotiate the “unequal treaties”

56. How Did Japan Reshape Its Worldview and Begin to Modernize?
They wanted Japan to become strong to have better negotiations with other countries
Wanted to be seen as equals
They wanted to build a competitive nation for the modern world but still be Japanese
The new leaders looked towards the Western nations for a model to rebuild Japan
They saw Europe and North America as powerful and wealthy

57. How Did Japan Reshape Its Worldview and Begin to Modernize?
Change in Japan’s Worldview
Invited foreign educators, specialists and experts to assist in manufacturing and industry
Sent half their leaders to learn about institutions, laws, and customs of successful Western nations
The Iwakura Mission

58. How Did Japan Reshape Its Worldview and Begin to Modernize?

59. How Did Japan Reshape Its Worldview and Begin to Modernize?
The Iwakura Mission
Purpose was to find the best ideas around the world and bring them back to Japan
Most urgent matter: change Japans education system
They wanted to be like Germany and the US
Change government to a representative one
Charter Oath as a foundation for a national constitution that shapes Japans laws
Be careful to ensure that the people are ready for that type of government before using it

60. How Did Japan Reshape Its Worldview and Begin to Modernize?
The Iwakura Mission
Seen the importance of religious freedom
Encouraged private enterprise and business
Needed new education system to teach this
The rest of the world is based on competitive, colonial expansion
Japanese leaders must be careful with this
Conclusion of the trip
Japan was not in immediate danger of losing its independence
Had to modernize Japan!!

61. How Did Japan Reshape Its Worldview and Begin to Modernize?

62. How Did Japan Reshape Its Worldview and Begin to Modernize?
Thinking About Your Island
Why would you look at other countries for ideas to modernize/improve your island?
How would you decide which ideas were the most important to modernize your island?
How would your island become modern but keeping all the culture and traditions that you had before?

63. Chapter Review Position Paper Topic Review Check List
Explain in detail what the role of the samurai was in the transition from the Edo period to the Meiji Period.
Review Check List
Do I Get It or Not?