1. S PRING B OARD U NIT 3 A CADEMIC V OCABULARY E SSENTIAL Q UESTION : W HAT ARE ESSENTIAL CONCEPTS I NEED TO KNOW IN ORDER TO DO WELL ON MY E MBEDDED A SSESSMENTS ?

2. W HAT DO ALL OF THESE WORDS HAVE IN COMMON ? Convey Indicate Suggest Convince Persuade Explain Demonstrate Inform Express Develop These words all show ACTION! They indicate that something is told or shown.

3. W HAT IS A S LOGAN ? It is a short, attention grabbing phrase used to represent an idea in commercials, ads, politics, or religions. What are some examples of slogans? Do any of these sound familiar? “What would Jesus do?” Christian based “Just Do It.” Nike “Hungry, Why Wait?” Snickers “Yes We Can!” Presidential Candidate Barack Obama, 2008

4. W HAT IS A UTHOR ’ S P URPOSE ? Authors write because of PIES… P ersuade I nform E ntertain S hare feelings Fire! An Adventure Story Karina’s heart pounded with terror when she realized she could not escape the raging flames that were surrounding her. All of a sudden, she felt protective arms wrap around her. From there, she realized that she was being led to safety. Dear Diary, Jan. 5, 2012 It’s been a tough day. Today Steve broke up with Jessica, and she was venting during the whole lunch period. I swear my sweater is soaked full of her tears. Gross! I can’t wait till she gets over this! Anyways, Bobby asked me out last week…

5. M ORE P RACTICE The giant panda is a bearlike animal that has thick white fur with black markings on its ears, limbs, shoulders, and around its eyes. The giant panda feeds on bamboo forests at high altitudes in western China. It's New! It's Refreshing! It's Slurpee Soda! This is the best soda in the world! If you drink this soda you will jump higher, run faster and be smarter in school. Try one today for $1.00!

6. M AIN I DEA AND S UMMARY Main Idea One or two sentences explaining what the selection’s focus will be. Think to yourself… “What is this selection about?” Summary Highlights what happened throughout the story. It’s a shortened version about what happened. SWBS: Somebody, Wanted, But, So… Think about the movie Finding Nemo. Write the main idea of the story and a summary. What? You didn’t see that movie? Try The Lion King or Shrek. Now, in your own words, explain the difference between Main Idea and Summary.

7. L ITERARY T ERMINOLOGY

8. I RONY Dramatic Irony occurs when the audience knows something that a character doesn’t know. Situational Irony occurs when you expect one thing to happen but the opposite of what you expect actually happens. Verbal Irony occurs when you say one thing, but you really don’t mean what you say. * Similar to SARCASM Do you find the next activities ironic?

9. R ECKLESS E NDANGERMENT Swanson Wisconsin was a famous child star. She had several platinum selling albums, her own TV sitcom, and a series of straight-to-DVD films that received terrible reviews but sold really well. Swanson Wisconsin was extremely wealthy and had the respect and admiration of millions of boys and girls around the world. She was everywhere. She was even the face of the antidrug movement. Swanson Wisconsin appeared on several commercials, billboards, and bus advertisements telling young people not to use drugs. All over the country the message was heard: “Be like Swanson Wisconsin. Think up. Don’t get high.” One fateful December evening, Swanson Wisconsin crashed her Bentley into hotdog stand. No one was injured, but Swanson Wisconsin was extremely disorientated. At the hospital, blood tests revealed that Swanson Wisconsin had enough crystal meth, cocaine, and tranquilizers in her system to murder an elephant.

10. G RAND T HEFT A UTO Jack was on his way home from work when his wife Jill called him. He was in a hurry to get home and watch his favorite show, COPS, but Jill said that he needed to stop at the minimart to get some bread for dinner. Jack replied dutifully to his wife, “Yes, Dear.” When he got to the minimart, Jack was in such a hurry that he didn’t even pull into a parking spot. He just pulled up right next to the door. It was 6:58, and COPS was starting in two minutes, so Jack just left his car running and ran into the store. He grabbed the bread from the middle aisle and got in the line behind a skinny guy wearing a leather jacket. Jack tapped his foot impatiently as the man purchased lottery tickets. Finally, the clerk rang up Jack right as Jack’s watch read 6:59. Jack hurriedly completed the transaction and ran outside. As he went to jump into his car, he noticed that it was gone. He looked around a bit, but it was no where in sight. “Great,” Jack sighed. His watch read 7:01. “How wonderful,” he said to himself, as he reached in his pocket to call his wife.

11. E MBEZZLEMENT Suzy works in a big sky scrapper downtown. She is the secretary for the regional manager of operations at Bork and Mork’s Corks and Forks. As the secretary, she was entrusted with a large supply of loose cash called a slush fund. The slush fund started at around five thousand dollars, but Suzy has been dipping her hands into the slush fund. It first started when she forgot her wallet at home. She was really hungry, so she grabbed a few bucks out of the slush fund for lunch and told herself that she would pay it back tomorrow. When tomorrow came, she didn’t pay it back. The next day she decided that she needed to go grocery shopping after work, but she didn’t get paid until next week and she was out of money. So Suzy grabbed her grocery money out of the slush fund. Again she told herself that she would pay it back, and again she did not. This pattern went on for another week or two, and Suzy bought herself all kinds of fancy goods and services. With her freshly manicured nails, Suzy opened the slush found box and found that it was empty. She began to panic, but was eventually able to block it out of her mind. That afternoon Suzy’s boss, Mr. Meister, called Suzy into his office. “Suzy,” he said sternly. “As you may know, my birthday is next Friday. I want you to throw me the biggest party this office has ever seen.” Suzy gulped as Mr. Meister went on, “I want an open bar, a clown, seven swans a swimming, the whole shebang! I want a nacho cheese fountain with at least four types of cheeses. Spare no expense. Drain every penny from the slush fund.” Suzy noticed the look of childlike joy and excitement in his eyes as he imagined the extravagant party that would never happen, and Suzy shuddered to think of what tomorrow would bring.

12. FOIL C HARACTERS A foil is a character who serves as a contrast to another character, so as to highlight characteristics of the other character. Examples: In The Lion King, Scar would be the FOIL to Mufasa. In the Harry Potter, Malfoy would be the FOIL to Harry. In Romeo and Juliet, Mercutio would be the foil to Benvolio. In The Dark Knight, The Joker would be the foil to Batman.

13. E PIGRAPH A motto or quotation at the beginning of a text (book, or chapter, poem, or essay) that suggests the THEME of the text. Examples: “It was the best of worlds, it was the worst of worlds" - A Tale of Two Cites "Revenge is a dish best served cold." – Kill Bill Each book of the Twilight series begins with a different quote. Twilight has the Bible, New Moon has Romeo and Juliet, and Eclipse has the Robert Frost’s poem "Fire and Ice."

14. F ORMAL D ICTION IS … -For scholarly situations: writing, school, elevated discourse (conversation) -Consists of sophisticated language. (Think big, difficult, or obscure words.) -Makes allusions to books, events, or ideas that are rarely understood by those who have not had advanced schooling.

15. I NFORMAL D ICTION IS … Informal Diction (ID) is every day language. Language for the masses. It’s simplified. Example: Weathercaster on the evening news. Colloquial speech is a form of ID. (Speech for non- educated) Example: The street corner discussions of the weather. Slang is another form of ID. Newly invented words are not formally recognized by society at large. In practice, slang as a level of diction is usually colloquial speech with slang terms mixed in.

16. W HAT IS A T RAGIC H ERO ? Noble Stature-Leader Downfall is partially his/her own fault or free choice Tragedy is triggered by error of judgment or character flaw ( hamartia ) Character’s flaw involves hubris (pride or arrogance) Hero’s misfortune is not wholly deserved. Punishment exceeds crime. Fall is not a pure loss. A new awareness occurs, knowledge, or discovery. Do you know of any tragic heroes?

17. A RCHETYPES Archetypes are models or patterns that span time, space and culture. They are patterns in stories that crop up again and again across the globe, from the first civilizations to Today’s NYT Best Seller List. They represent a hidden, deeper meaning.

18. H ERO A RCHETYPE (P ATTERN ) Protagonist of the story Hero’s purpose is to separate from “real world” and go on a journey to make something better. Hero must sacrifice something of himself to succeed in journey. Often has a flaw he must overcome. What are some examples of the hero archetype?

19. N EMESIS A RCHETYPE (P ATTERN ) Ultimate enemy of hero Represents hero’s darkest desires Often mirror opposite of hero Sometimes not a literal character, but a part of the hero himself ( Fight Club ) What are some examples of the nemesis archetype?

20. O RAL T RADITIONS & F OLK T ALES An oral tradition is… The way information is passed from one generation to the next without writing information down. People chanted, sang, and came up with various mnemonic techniques to help remember history! This oral tradition was a way to keep the history or culture of the people alive, and since it was a form of story-telling, it was a popular entertainment. Do you know stories based on an oral tradition? Folk tales are… legends handed down from generation to generation usually by oral retelling. Folk tales often explain something that happens in nature or convey a certain truth about life. Do you know any folk tales?