1. Troy Lynn Bullock – Reagan High School Houston Independent School District Faculty Mentor : Dr. Tie Liu Information Theory and Coding for Wireless Broadcast Networks Electrical Electronics & Communications Engineering Graduate Assistant: Neeharika Marukala

2.  Communication is a term that comes from Greek, it means, ‘communicating at a distance’ through signals of varied nature coming from a transmitter to a receiver.

3. In ancient time communication began with the use of visual signals such as; smoke, semaphore telegraphs, and signal flags, and audio signals such as; drumbeats, lung blown horns, or loud whistles.

4.  In the modern age, the true ‘jump’ in terms of quality came with the advent of electricity. Electromagnetic energy, in fact, is able to transport information in an extremely fast way (ideally to the speed of light), in a way that previously had no equals in terms of costs and reliability.

6.  Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the use of wires.  Some examples of wireless technology: - Security Systems - Television remote control - Cellular telephone (phones and modems) - Wi-Fi - Wireless energy transfer

7.  Wireless communication uses electromagnetic transmission.  Electromagnetic transmission operates over a range of spectrum called, bandwidth.  Bandwidth is a highly regulated commodity.  Bandwidth is extremely expensive.

8.  Bandwidth is a valuable and limited resource.  For example, an FM radio receiver’s tuner spans a limited range of frequencies (87.5 – 108 MHz)  A government agency, the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) in the United States may apportion the regionally available bandwidth to licensed broadcasters so that their signals do not mutually interfere.  Each transmitter owns a slice of bandwidth, a valuable (if intangible) commodity.

9.  Basic Communication Setup  Pulse –shaping Filters

10. Information source Destination ModulatorDemodulator Physical Medium bits transmitter voltages bits voltages waveforms DAC Digital Analog Converter ADC Analog Digital Converter receiver distortion channel

11.  The voltages are converted into waveforms using a pulse shaping filter.  This is where bandwidth comes into play.  Its purpose is to make the transmitted signal better suited to the communication channel by limiting the effective bandwidth of the transmission.

12.  Time Domain  Frequency Domain

13.  Time Domain  Frequency Domain

14.  Given a bandwidth, the number of channel uses per second is fixed.  The goal of transmitter/receiver design is to maximize the number of bits that can be reliably communicated per channel use.  Reliable communication in the presence of noise.

15.  Energy efficient : The energy spent on transmission is proportional to the number of bits transmitted.  Bandwidth efficient: The number of bits transmitted is proportional to the channel uses.  Reliable: The probability of error decreases as a function of the number of bits transmitted.