1. assessment Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, socio-economic including socio-economic aspects Integrated Assessment How do we approach this?

2. Presentation on issues Lists of questions for discussion Questions about the logic of the lists Discussions Report back Organization of session Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

3. Integrated Assessment of Ocean Processes Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

4. Integrated Assessment of Human Activities Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

5. Integrated Assessment of Biodiversity Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

6. The main sections of the Possible Outline of the First Global Integrated Assessment: Part III – Ocean Processes Part V – Human Activities Part VI – Marine Biodiversity Integrated under Part IV – Food Security & Safety – as a cross-cutting issue Part VII – Overall Integration Putting this together Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

7. Environmental Economic Social Dimensions of Integration Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

8. Basic Assessment Matrix and examples of cell content Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects Dimension/ Aspect Ocean Processes Human Activities Biological Diversity Environmental Ocean currents, Primary production, etc Pollution from land-based sources, etc State of coral reefs, effects of fishing discards Economic Effects of El Niño, Shipping as part of world trade, etc Coral reefs as tourist attractions, etc Social Tsunamis, etcTourism, etcAesthetic impact of coral reefs, etc

9. Is the structure of the basic assessment matrix a workable foundation for the work of the Regular Process? First set of questions Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

10. The environmental aspects are themselves a matrix of interactive elements: Geological structure (rocks, sediments…) Water column (water quality, temperature, salinity, currents,…) Biota (the different trophic levels) Can we measure whether we have overall a healthy and sustainable marine environment? Integrating environmental assessment Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

11. How to envisage this ecosystem envelope? The allium analogue Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

12. Drivers – the underlying forces that drive change in the environment. Pressures – the channels through which these forces affect the environment; States – the resulting states of the environment; Impacts – the resulting impacts of these pressures and states on biological diversity and human well-being. Responses – the ways that society has responded and the results of those responses – But we must NOT get into discussions of policy. DPSIR Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

13. Physical elements (Oceanography – geology, currents, sedimentation…..) Chemical elements (Water quality – salinity, nutrients, contaminants…..) Biological elements (Numbers, health and reproductive success of the various species…..) Measuring the vectors Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

14. In each broad division we need to consider a wide range of elements For example, among the biological elements, we must consider at least 9 trophic levels: –Phytoplankton - Zooplankton –Macrophytes- Crustacea and molluscs –Other benthic species –Fish - Marine Reptiles –Sea Birds- Marine Mammals Range of Vectors Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

15. What can be crucial to avoid information overload? Possible criteria include: The miner’s canary Keystone species Predominant species Economically significant species Water-quality boundary conditions Sedimentary changes Selecting information Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

16. Integrative Measures (summarising the combined effects of different elements): Especially top predators, for example, in the North Sea: grey seals sea-bird populations Linkages (1) Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

17. Measurements that can link S (status) to P (pressures) For example: mercury and/or organochlorine compounds in sea-bird eggs proportion of dead sea-birds found with oil contamination on shore-lines. satellite surveillance of chlorophyll a concentrations in surface sea water. Linkages (2) Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

18. What are the most important aspects to be studied in this region? Are we measuring them? Are we reporting and analysing the measurements? Can measurements in this region be identified that will allow integrated assessment of environmental status? Can measurements in this region be identified that will allow assessment of linkages between environmental status and the impacts of specific human activities. Second set of questions for discussion Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

19. Demand and supply Inputs &Externalities Outputs Who benefits? Capital constraints Integrating economic assessment Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

20. Levels of human activities in the marine environment will be affected by demand and supply of goods and services from other sources Need to know about the pressures on costs of competing goods and services in order to understand the pressures on the marine environment. Demand and Supply Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

21. Influence on outputs from the marine environment of the availability of inputs, such as: Trained manpower; Necessary equipment; Knowledge of how to operate; Knowledge of the state of the oceans. Inputs and outputs Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

22. Taking benefits from the oceans involves both internal and external costs. Internal costs are those carried by the people who receive the benefits. External costs are those which are suffered by everyone else (including damage to the environment Assessment of all aspects of human activity needs to consider to what extent there are external costs. Externalities Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

23. Who benefits from the marine environment? Cui bono? Public versus Private Coastal State versus others Where do the benefits go from areas beyond national jurisdiction? Distribution of Benefits Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

24. How far does lack of capital equipment limit the benefits that can be won from the marine environment? For example: ships (including research vessels) navigation equipment aquaculture pens Capital Constraints Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

25. What information is collected and/or available in this region on the economic benefits derived from the marine environment? Does it allow the five aspects to be analysed? Are there other economic aspects that are relevant? Third set of questions for discussion Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

26. Two aspects of society to be considered: Social groups whose lives are directly connected to the marine environment Society in general. There are at least three main social aspects to be considered: Health; Income levels and income distribution (which relates back to economic aspects); Other aspects of well-being (relaxation, aesthetic enjoyment, happiness….) Integrating social assessment Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

27. Relevant statistics on health could include Life expectancy of those in marine work; Injury rates of those in marine work; Distribution and impact of marine-related illnesses Health Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

28. Relevant statistics on income of marine workers could include: Levels in different parts of the world; Relative levels of pay for marine work compared with pay for other work within the region Income of marine workers Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

29. What information is collected and/or available in this region on social aspects of the marine environment? Does it allow health, incomes and other aspects to be analysed? Are there other social aspects that are relevant? Fourth set of questions for discussion Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

30. To summarise the main issues to be developed: Is the basic matrix workable? What are the most important environmental aspects to be studied in this region? How can we analyse the economic benefits derived in this region from the marine environment? In this region, how can we analyse the health, income and general well-being of marine workers, and the social impacts of the marine environment on society in general? Groups of questions for discussion Regular process for global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment, including socio-economic aspects

31. The goal - healthy and sustainable seas