1. The Semantic Web: A network of understanding Jim Hendler Univ of MD/RPI http://www.cs.umd.edu/~hendler

2. ASWC 2006 Outline The Semantic Web Past Present Future May, 2001 March, 2000 May, 1994

3. ASWC 2006 Burkitt’s Lymphoma Rearrangement of a DNA sequence homologous to a cell-virus junction fragment in several Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced rat thymomas Burkitt’s Lymphoma Rearrangement of a DNA sequence homologous to a cell-virus junction fragment in several Moloney murine leukemia virus-induced rat thymomas 8q24 PVT1 Oncogene(MYC): Found_In_Organism(Human). Gene_Has_Function(Transcriptional_Regulation). Gene_Has_Function(Gene_Transcription). In_Chromosomal_Location(8q24). Gene_Associated_With_Disease(Burkitts_Lymphoma). PubMed Semantic Web PVT Semantic Web hypothesis: Heterogeneous Web-based Information Resources can be connected by Web-based knowledge models

4. ASWC 2006 Web Ontologies are models allowing the linking of multimedia databases services Web services Grid computing meta-data repos Or any other Web resource! Other ontologies Anything with a URI Web ontologies

5. ASWC 2006 The "layercake" T. Berners-Lee, 2001

6. ASWC 2006 2001 Recommendation WG activity Funded Research Research, experimentation, early demonstrations Reminiscent of the early days of the Web

7. ASWC 2006 2003 Recommendation WG activity Funded Research Early government adoption Emerging corporate interest

8. ASWC 2006 2005 Recommendation WG activity Funded Research Commercial tools Lots of open source software Scalability

9. ASWC 2006 Web Modeling Languages - 2005

10. ASWC 2006 2006: You Are Here!

11. ASWC 2006 Significant Corporate Activity Semantic (Web) technology companies starting & growing Siderean, SandPiper, SiberLogic, Ontology Works, Intellidimension, Intellisophic, TopQuadrant, Data Grid, … Bigger players buying in Adobe, Cisco, HP, IBM, Nokia, Oracle, Sun, Vodaphone… announcements/use in 2005-2006 Gartner identifies Corporate Semantic Web as one of three "High impact" Web technologies tools being announced: AllegroGraph, Altova, TopBraid, … Government projects in and across agencies US, UK, EU, Japan, Korea, … Life sciences/pharma an increasingly important market Health Care and Life Sciences Interest Group at W3C Many open source tools available Kowari, RDFLib, Jena, Sesame, Protégé, SWOOP, Onto(xxx), Wilbur, …

12. ASWC 2006 Data harvesting & visualization Richer metadata Embedded meta-data Enterprise data integration "Corporate Semantic Web", Gartner "hot pick" for 2006

13. ASWC 2006 Digital asset managementSemantic Web portals Ontology editors (and other tools) Semantic Web and social networking

14. ASWC 2006 Significant Corporate Activity 50+ Semantic Web press releases each month

15. ASWC 2006 Significant Government Activity Agencies moving beyond the "talk" phase primarily prototyping, but first acquisitions starting Example: NASA is developing an enterprise data strategy around using existing data via Semantic Web integration (A. Schain, 3/06)

16. ASWC 2006 There's a Lot Out There! 2,120,000 hits on "RDF filetype:rdf" 2,120,000 hits on "RDF filetype:rdf" 13,600 hits on "ontology filetype:owl" 13,600 hits on "ontology filetype:owl" Paid ads (March, 2006)

17. ASWC 2006 Where we are today Survey of 1300 OWL ontologies found by crawl Wang 06 19 ontologies with 2000+ classes 6 ontologies with 10000+ classes 2 ontologies with 50000+ classes CYC, NCI SpeciesRDFSOWL LiteOWL DLOWL FullError Count5871991493373

18. ASWC 2006 Swoogle http://swoogle.umbc.edu

19. ASWC 2006 Some "Swoogle" observations Owl:Class is the most used term from the OWL namespace with ~ 1,800.000 instantiations in 68,000 SWDs The OWL namespace has been declared by 113,000 SWDs (8%) and actually used by 108,000 (7%). The RDFS namespace enjoys more use, being declared by 677,000 (47%) and used by 538,000 (37%) SWDs. We also noticed significant use of two OWL equality assertions: owl:sameAs (280,000 assertions in 17,00 SWDs) and owl:equivalentClass (70,000 assertions in 4,300 SWDs). Their common use may be an indication of increased ontology alignment. (Ebiquity blog, Sept 1, 2006)

20. ASWC 2006 The cake is evolving as well.. 2001 2006 (Tim Berners-Lee)

21. ASWC 2006 New languages underway SPARQL Query language for (distributed) RDF triple stores The SQL of the Semantic Web GRDDL/RDFa Integration of HTML world and Semantic Web Means for "embedding" RDF-based annotation on traditional Web pages Means for generating RDF triple stores from (annotated) Web pages RIF Rules interchange format Representing rules on the Web Linking rule-based systems together And more Multimedia annotation, Web-page Metadata annotation, Health Care and Life Science (LSID), Privacy

22. ASWC 2006 Next Steps

23. ASWC 2006 The Great Wall

24. ASWC 2006 Built in pieces at different times Linked together for greater effect

25. ASWC 2006 Linking of "Web Islands" The World Wide Web Linked together for greater effect Built in pieces at different times

26. ASWC 2006 Linking is power! <!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF [ ]> <rdf:RDF xml:base="&feleuk.owl;" xmlns:owl="&owl;" xmlns:rdf="&rdf;" xmlns:rdfs="&rdfs;" xmlns:NCI="&NCI;" xmlns:CYC="&CYC;"> <owl:Ontology rdf:about="" rdfs:label="Feline Leukemia" owl:versionInfo="Feline Leuk 1.0"/> Link to 45000 terms at NCI Link to 47000 (Open)CYC terms

27. ASWC 2006 Linking is power Today we can find thousands of ontologies Available on the Web Linked to Web resources Linked to data resources Linked to each other Linked to Web 2.0-like annotations And billions of annotated (semi-Knowledge engineered) objects Available on the Web Linked to Web resources Linked to data resources Linked to each other Linked to the ontologies We must link these together for great effect!!

28. ASWC 2006 A key opportunity Vast amounts of "semi-engineered" knowledge Flickr: tens of millions of keyword tagged photos Wikipedia: thousands of carefully documented subjects (in a hierarchy, with disambiguation, …) Etc. etc. etc. With "persistent" URIs "tank" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank (armament)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank "tank" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank%2C_Pakistan (small town in Pakistan)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tank%2C_Pakistan And anything with a URI can be linked to the Semantic Web!!!!!

29. ASWC 2006 For exciting linking possibilities Linking of Web 2.0 and Semantic Web Using informal KE to bootstrap "formal" KE Extending formal KE from Web 2.0

30. ASWC 2006 Documents, linked to Images, annotated with Ontologies, linked to Other ontologies, describing Databases, exported as RDF graphs, as input to Services, which designate Documents, linked to … (ad infinitum) Evolving vision 1994 2000 2001 Stay tuned…

31. ASWC 2006 Semantic Web Challenges Today's Semantic Web Languages Are not-very-expressive-KR-language standards Not KIF, or even KL-ONE Create non-persistent knowledge bases Servers come and go Ontologies change over time And can't be kept consistent Disagreement, error, dishonesty…

32. ASWC 2006 Semantic Web opportunities Today's Semantic Web Languages Are not-very-expressive-KR-language standards Like HTML is to SGML Create non-persistent KBs Like the 404 error (w/o which there is no Web) And can't be kept consistent Like blog-space and Web 2.0 We need to accept, and more importantly exploit, these features

33. ASWC 2006 Note to Grad students (and their advisors) The Semantic Web today, esp at the ontology layer, is like the Web with no one using What makes the Web, the Web Please, No more one ontology, one domain, one set of services, one … Theses There's a reason we built this stuff on top of RDF and URIs The network effect is where the power is!

34. ASWC 2006 A few of the many things I've left out Semantic Web Services Crucial for linking "programs" into the mix Semantic Web tools and scaling issues Engineering approaches being used to scale Semantic Web stores to database sizes Information extraction and Semantics Can we "retrofit" semantics on the existing Web Semantic Web Information Creations Can we make it so we don't have to retrofit future Web? Other information resources Personal data, unstructured resources, off-line collection information, digital libraries, … There's more that isn't on the Web than is on it! New Web use patterns Social networks, blogs, wikis, … … are all fertile areas for Semantic Web exploration

35. ASWC 2006 Conclusion The Semantic Web is real Tremendous progress in the past five years Lots of it is out there Growing support in industry and govt use Development continues Easy to get involved Many open source tools New languages and techniques reaching critical mass The next steps are exciting The "network effect" of linking to other Semantic Web resources … and to non-Semantic Web resources And research opportunities still abound Scaling Inconsistency Access and acquisition

36. ASWC 2006 The SEMANTIC WEB