Discovering Computers

Discovering Computers
CHAPTER 6 COMPUTER OUTPUT 3-D Printer

Chapter 6 Objectives Describe the four categories of output Differentiate between a nonimpact printer and an impact printer Summarize the characteristics of LCD monitors, LCD screens, and plasma monitors Summarize the characteristics of ink-jet printers, photo printers, laser printers, thermal printers, mobile printers, label and postage printers, and plotters and large-format printers Describe the characteristics of a CRT monitor and factors that affect its quality Describe the uses of speakers, headphones, and earphones Explain the relationship between graphics chips and monitors Identify the output characteristics of fax machines and fax modems, multifunction peripherals, data projectors, joysticks, wheels, and gamepads Describe various ways to print Identify output options for physically challenged users Next

Four Basic Categories of Output
Text (Typewritten material) Graphics (Pictures) Audio (Sound) Video (Movies) Use: KeepVid to download YouTube movies !

What is Output? What is output?
Data that has been processed into a useful form, called information A computer generates several types of output Text Graphics Video Next p. 6.2 Fig. 6-1 Audio

What is Output? What is a graphic? What is text?
Consists of characters that create words, sentences, and paragraphs What is a graphic? Also called a graphical image A digital representation of non-text information such as a drawing, chart, and photograph Next p. 6.2 Fig. 6-1

What is Output? What is video? What is audio?
Music, speech, or any other sound Consists of full-motion images that are played back a various speeds Most video also has accompanying audio What is video? Next p. 6.3 Fig. 6-1

Various Output Devices
What is an output device? Any hardware component that can convey information to a user monitor speakers printer Click to view video Next p. 6.4

Various Audio File Formats
aiff – the standard audio file format used by Apple. It is like a wav file for the Mac au – the standard audio file format used by Sun, Unix and Java. The audio in au files can be PCM or compressed with the μ-law, a-law or G729 codecs. midi - an industry-standard protocol that enables electronic musical instruments, computers, and other equipment to communicate, control, and synchronize with each other mp3 – MPEG Layer-3 format is the most popular format for downloading and storing music. By eliminating portions of the audio file that are essentially inaudible, mp3 files are compressed to roughly one-tenth the size of an equivalent uncompressed PCM file while maintaining good audio quality. m4p – A proprietary version of AAC in MP4 with Digital Rights Management developed by Apple for use in music downloaded from their iTunes Music Store. ra – a Real Audio format designed for streaming audio over the Internet. The .ra format allows files to be stored in a self-contained fashion on a computer, with all of the audio data contained inside the file itself. wav – standard audio file container format used mainly in Windows PCs. Commonly used for storing uncompressed (PCM), CD-quality sound files, which means that they can be large in size — around 10 MB per minute. Wave files can also contain data encoded with a variety of codecs to reduce the file size (for example the GSM or mp3 codecs). Wav files use a RIFF structure. wma – the popular Windows Media Audio format owned by Microsoft. Designed with Digital Rights Management (DRM) abilities for copy protection

Automobile CD Players Most of the newer CD players can play MP3, WMA and older CD formats

Displays/HDTVs CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) [older tech]
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) Good tech! LED-backed LCD HDTVs (newer tech) Gas Plasma Displays (High electricity consumer !) Rear projection HDTVs (Can be troublesome) DLP (Digital Light Processing) Not the best OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode)

LCD TVs .vs. Gas Plasma TVs
Gas plasma TVs consume 30% more power than LCD TVs As 3-D TVs, plasmas are better than LCDs LCD TVs have a life span of 60,000 hours as compared to 30,000 hours for gas plasma TVs Gas Plasma TV

How Computer Monitors Work
Visit the Web site: CRT Features & Attributes and Dot pitch: What is a pixel ?

Display Devices What is a display device? Also called a display
An output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and video information Information on a display device is sometimes called soft copy p. 6.4

What is a Screen Saver ? A screensaver is a computer program originally designed to conserve the image quality of computer displays by blanking the screen or filling them with moving images or patterns when the computers are not in use. Today, screensavers are primarily used for entertainment or security purposes. They are NOT needed for LCD display devices. You may password-protect your computer with the screen-saver software In the days when computer screens came in two colors, black and either amber or green, a screen saver was needed to exercise all pixels on the screen to prevent burn-in on the back of the phosphor-coated CRT. (The phosphors would retain a bit of the electronic charge)

What is a Screen Saver ?

Flat-Panel Displays What are HDTVs and interactive TV?
Select a movie from a central library of movies Vote or respond to network questionnaires Bank Two-way communications technology in which users interact with television programming HDTV (high-definition television) works directly with interactive TV Shop Play games Video conference p. 306 Next

Types of Television Analog TV Digital TV High Definition (HD) TV
Signal reception via cable Signal reception thru the air via antenna Do you know the difference ? 1

Internet Television Internet television allows its users to choose the program or the TV show they want to watch from an archive of programs or from a channel directory. The 2 forms of viewing Internet television are streaming the content directly to a media player or simply downloading the program/show onto the users computer. With the "TV on Demand" market growing, these on-demand websites or applications are a must have for major television broadcasters.

U-HDTV: Ultra High Definition TV
Ultra High Definition Video, also known as Super Hi- Vision, UHDV, Ultra High Definition Television, UHDTV and UHD is a digital video format, currently proposed by NHK of Japan. The new format, with a resolution of 7,680 × 4,320 pixels is four times as wide and four times as high (for a total of 16 times the pixel resolution) as existing HDTV, which has a maximum resolution of 1920 × 1080 pixels.

A monitor is a separate plastic or metal case that houses the screen
Display Devices What are the parts of a display device? The screen, or projection surface Components that produce the information on the screen A monitor is a separate plastic or metal case that houses the screen Most mobile computers integrate the display and other components into the same physical case Click to view Web Link then click Monitors Next p. 6.4

Display Devices In what ways is information displayed on a screen?
Most display devices project information in color Monochrome means that the information displays in one color on a different color background Monochrome monitors may use gray scaling which involves using many shades of gray from white to black to provide better contrast Next p. 6.4 Fig. 6-2

Display Devices What is a CRT monitor?
Contains a cathode ray tube (CRT), a large sealed, glass screen The screen is coated with tiny dots of phosphor material A pixel, or picture element, is a single point in an electronic image Three dots (red, blue, and green) combine to make up each pixel cathode ray tube CRT monitor screen Next p. 6.5 Fig. 6-3

Display Devices What are typical sizes for CRT monitors?
15, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 30, 40 inch sizes Monitor measured diagonally from one corner of the casing to the other The viewable size is the diagonal measurement of the actual viewing area provided by the monitor screen size Viewable image size Next p. 6.5

LCD Display Devices What is a flat panel monitor?
Uses liquid crystal display Also called LCD monitor Takes up less desk space than CRT monitor Consumes less than 1/3 the power of a CRT Less eye strain Screen saver is not needed

Multiple LCD Flat-Panel Displays
What about using multiple LCD monitors? Some users position two or more monitors side by side or stacked Allows users to run multiple applications simultaneously p. 303 Fig. 6-3 Next

Ports: LCD Displays How do you use an LCD monitor with a video card?
Plug monitor into Digital Video Interface (DVI) port on computer standard monitor port S-video port DVI port p. 301 Fig. 6-13 Next

LCD Display Devices The graphics processing unit (GPU) controls the manipulation and display of graphics on a display device LCD monitors use a digital signal and should plug into a DVI port, and HDMI port, or a DisplayPort

Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 6
DisplayPort DisplayPort is a digital display interface developed by the Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA). The interface is primarily used to connect a video source to a display device such as a computer monitor, though it can also be used to transmit audio, USB, and other forms of data.[2] Discovering Computers 2011: Living in a Digital World Chapter 6

Late Model Video Cards XFX ATI Radeon HD GB DDR5 DVI/HDMI/DisplayPort PCI-Express Video Card HD567XZNF3 HDMI Display Port DVI Port

The S-Video Port The S-video port allows you to connect a computer to
hardware such as DVD players, television monitors and projectors.

Flat-Panel Displays: e-books
What is an electronic book (e-book)? Small, book-sized computer that uses LCD screen Allows users to read, save, highlight, bookmark, and add notes to online text Download new book content from Web p. 300 Next

Display Devices: LCD Tech
How does LCD work? Uses liquid compound to present information on screen Step 2. As light passes through liquid crystal, electrical charge causes some of the cells to twist, making light waves bend as they pass through color filter. Step 1. Panel of fluorescent tubes emits light waves through polarizing glass filter, which guides light toward layer of liquid crystal cells. Step 3. When light reaches second polarizing glass filter, light is allowed to pass through any cells that line up at the first polarizing glass filter. Absence and presence of colored light cause image to display on the screen. Liquid crystal cells Transparent electrodes Alignment layer Polarizing glass filter Fluorescent tube panel Color filter p Fig. 6-12 Next

3 D Monitor without Glasses
EIZO releases World’s First 23" Full HD Naked-Eye 3D Monitor December 13, 2010 – Eizo Nanao Corporation (TSE: 6737) announced the DuraVision FDF2301-3D, a 23-inch monitor for the industrial market which displays stereoscopic images. The DuraVision FDF2301-3D uses a directional backlight developed by EIZO that enables high-definition display. It will be the world’s first naked-eye 3D desktop monitor available in the 23-inch size and at full high definition (1920 x 1080 resolution).

Displays on Mobile Devices
What are some mobile devices that have LCD screens? Tablet PCs Notebooks PDAs Smart phones p Fig. 6.10 Next

Display Devices: Smart Phones
What is a Web-enabled device? A device that allows access to the Web or such as cellular telephones and Pagers. Uses an LCD display. Many use monochrome displays to conserve on battery power. Click to view Web Link then click Web-enabled Devices Next p. 6.6 Fig. 6-6

Display Devices: Active vs Passive Displays
What are the two technologies used for LCD monitors? passive-matrix display Also called a dual-scan display Uses fewer transistors and requires less power than an active-matrix display Color often not as bright and images are best viewed when working directly in front of the display active-matrix display Also known as a thin-film transistor (TFT) display Uses a separate transistor for each color pixel Can display high-quality color that is viewable from all angles Next p. 6. 8

DLP Displays DLP = Digital Light Processing Visit:
Note: Rear projection HDTVs are prone to problems; Not a good choice for a new HDTV !

Display Devices: Gas Plasma
What is a gas plasma monitor? A flat-panel display that uses gas plasma technology A layer of gas is between two sheets of material When voltage is applied, the gas releases ultraviolet (UV) light that causes the pixels on the screen to glow and form an image Larger screen sizes and higher display quality than LCD, but much more expensive Next p Fig. 6-8

Gas Plasma Monitors Gas plasma display panel (PDP) is a type of flat panel display common to large TV displays (80 cm or larger). Many tiny cells between just two panels of glass hold a mixture of noble gases. The six noble gases that occur naturally are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), and radioactive radon (Rn). The gas in the cells is electrically turned into a plasma which emits ultraviolet light which then excites phosphors to emit visible light. Plasma displays should not be confused with LCDs, another lightweight flatscreen display using different technology.[1][2]

OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode)
Organic materials sandwiched between a transparent anode and a metallic cathode glow under voltage. Good contrast, exceptional brightness, very saturated colors. Blue organic material dies out first. But…one-sixth the lifetime of the other technologies.

Small OLED Screen (1.5 inches)

OLED Digital TVs Some OLED flat-screen TVs are only as thick as
3 credit cards put together. Very expensive ! Sony’s XEL-1 OLED 11-inch TV costs $2,500.00 On the horizon: Wireless models that beam content from a set-top box or DVD player to a TV without using cables.

Display Devices: Resolution
What is display resolution? Describes the sharpness and clearness of an image Resolution of a display device stated as dots, or pixels 800 x 600 the SVGA standard 800 horizontal pixels 1800 x 1440 maximum resolution of most monitors 600 vertical pixels Total of 480,000 pixels on screen 2048 x 1536 maximum for high-end monitors Next p. 6.8

Display Devices: Resolution
800x600 What is display resolution? The greater the number of pixels the display uses, the better the quality of the image As resolution increases, the images on the screen appear smaller 1024x768 Next p. 6.9 Fig. 6-9

HDTV Resolution “Full HD” or 1080p resolution
1080p is in LCD TVs with screens >= 40 inches 720p resolution is found in LCD TVs with screens less than 40 inches Because a 1080p screen has more pixels than a 720p screen, it can display more and finer detail. 3-D TV

Display Devices: Dot Pitch
What is dot pitch? Another factor used to measure image clarity Sometimes called pixel pitch. The distance between two dots of the same color inside a pixel on a display. The smaller the distance between the dots, the sharper the image on the monitor. Use a monitor with a dot pitch of .28 millimeters or lower to minimize eye fatigue Next p. 6.9

Display Devices: Refresh Rate
What is refresh rate? Should be fast enough to maintain a constant, flicker-free image Another factor in a monitor’s quality Also called vertical frequency or vertical scan rate The speed that a monitor redraws images on the screen Measured according to hertz, which is the number of times per second the screen is redrawn A high-quality monitor will provide a refresh rate of at least 75 hertz The image on the screen redraws itself 75 times in a second Next p. 6.9

Video Cards for PC Gaming
For PC gaming on the market today: Compare: ATI’s Crossfire & Nvidia’s SLI (Scalable Link Interface) cards The SLI card outperforms the Crossfire card Some have 1 GB of SGRAM standard monitor port S-video port DVI port p. 301 Fig. 6-13 Next

Multi GPU Video Cards for PC Gaming
(MULTIple-Graphics Processing Units) involves using two or more display adapters in the same PC to speed up the graphics animation for gamers. NVIDIA's Scalable Link Interface (SLI) and ATI's CrossFire are examples. Also see GPU, SLI & CrossFire (needs PCIe slots on the motherboard) Note: Some video cards for PC gamers may have 768 MB to 1 GB of SGRAM memory on them.

Nvidia’s GeForce 7800 GT Video Card (Dual video cards)

NVIDIA GeForce 9800M GTX GPU
Extreme gaming reaches new levels with the NVIDIA GeForce 9800M GTX GPUs, delivering optimized performance for immersive gaming on-the-go. With increased performance over previous enthusiast class GPUs, the GeForce 9800M GTX GPUs powers the next generation of visual computing, blazing-fast mobile gaming, and the ultimate HD experience with PureVideo® HD technology. This product is also enabled for CUDA applications and is NVIDIA PhysX-ready.

Display Devices Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 1 Step 2 Step 4 Step 3 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 1 Step 2 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 1 How does video travel from the processor to a CRT monitor? Step 1: The processor sends digital video data to the video card. Step 2: The video card’s digital-to-analog converter (DAC) converts the digital video data to an analog signal. Step 3: The analog signal is sent thought a cable to the CRT monitor. Step 4: The CRT monitor separates the analog signal into red, green, and blue signals. Step 5: Electron guns fire the three color signals to the front of the CRT. Step 6: An image displays on the screen when the electrons hit phosphor dots on the back of the screen. Next p Fig. 6-10

Display Devices: Standards
What standards exist for video cards? The Digital Display Working Group (DDWG) is developing a standard interface for all displays The Digital Video Interface (DVI) is a new digital interface that provides connections for both CRT and LCD monitors Next p. 6.10

Display Devices 28 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 256 colors
8-bit video card (8-bit color) Uses 8 bits to store information about each pixel Can display 256 different colors 28 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 256 colors What is bit depth? The number of bits a video card uses to store information about each pixel Also called the color depth Determines the number of colors a video cared can display The greater the number of bits, the better the resulting image 28 x 28 x 28 = 224 = 24 x 220 = 16 million shades of color 24-bit video card Uses 24 bits to store information about each pixel Can display 16.7 million colors 224 = million colors Next p. 6.10

Display Devices: Video Standards
What are various video standards? The Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) develops video standards Next p. 6.11Fig. 6-11

The monitor must support the same video standard
Display Devices What is needed for a monitor to display images defined by a video standard? The monitor must support the same video standard The video card must be capable of communicating appropriate signals to the monitor Both the video card and the monitor must support the video standard to generate the desired resolution and number of colors The video card must have enough memory to generate the resolution and number of colors you want to display Next p. 6.11Fig. 6-12

Display Devices What are various video card configurations?
Color depth determines number of colors video card can display. p Fig. 6-8 Next

Display Devices and CRT Radiation
What is electromagnetic radiation (EMR)? A magnetic field that travels at the speed of light A small amount is produced by all CRT monitors (if you use one) All high-quality CRT monitors comply with MPR II standards A set of standards that defines acceptable levels of EMR for a monitor Sit at arm’s length from the CRT EMR is greatest on the sides and back of the CRT monitor LCD monitors do not pose this risk Next p. 6.11

Display Devices: Energy Star Program
What is the ENERGY STAR program? Program to encourage manufacturers to create energy-efficient devices that require little power when they are not in use Developed by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Monitors and devices meeting guidelines display an ENERGY STAR® label Next p Fig. 6-13

Saving Energy in IT IT accounted for only 4 % of electricity usage in the year 2008, about 3 years ago. By the year 2030, IT will consume 40% of the electricity consumption according to the International Energy Agency.

Display Devices: HDTVs
How can television sets be used as monitors? An NTSC converter is used to convert the digital signal from the computer into an analog signal that the television set can display High-Definition TeleVision (HDTV) is a type of television set that works with digital broadcasting signals Supports a wider screen and higher resolution display than a standard television set Can be used as a computer display device Digital TV converter boxes required June 12, (as per the FCC) 1 Next p. 6.12

Digital Television & HD Television
Millions of people who watch traditional over-the-air analog TV broadcasts on TV sets with antennas had to buy new HDTVs or set-top converter boxes to receive digital TV signals after June 12, 2009 Satellite TV subscribers were NOT be affected because they already receive digital TV signals. Cable TV companies convert digital signals to analog signals for analog cable TV customers. Sale of the analog communications spectrum could raise about $10 Billion for the U.S. Federal government. Next p. 6.12

What is Digital Television ?
Digital TV does not automatically mean that it is HD (High Definition), but ALL HD channels ARE digital. Digital TV frequencies can carry multiple channels so the numbers are split such as 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, etc. Many local network affiliates ( e.g. WJLA channel 7) broadcast a given program as 480i on channel 6-1, 720p on channel 6-2, and 1080i on channel 6-3. (Note: 480i is the old interlaced TV signal 480 lines tall.) “i” means “interlaced” [2 passes to paint screen]

What is Digital Television ? Cont’d
720p is a progressively scanned, high-definition format with a 1280 horizontal by 720 vertical pixel resolution. 1080i has an interlaced 1,920 by 1,080 picture. DTV broadcast quality varies. Network programs look pretty good, but many local stations simply upscale their 480i content to 720 and/or 1080 resolutions.

HDMI: High Definition Multimedia Interface
The High-Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) is an all-digital audio/video interface capable of transmitting uncompressed bit streams. HDMI provides an interface between any compatible digital audio/video source, such as a set-top box, a DVD player, a PC, a video game system such as the PlayStation 3 or an AV receiver and a compatible digital audio and/or video monitor, such as a digital television (HDTV).

What is HDCP ? High Bandwidth Digital Content Protection
HDCP prevents copying of digital media across various interfaces. In early 2006, the ATI company claimed that some of its graphics (video) cards supported HDCP which is an encryption scheme designed by Intel Corp. to control audio and video content well into the future. But HDCP may NOT be that secure ! Back in the year 2001, Dutch cryptographer Niels Ferguson announced that he had cracked the encryption system used in HDCP and he said that an experienced IT person could recover the master key in 2 weeks given 4 standard PCs and 50 HDCP displays. Note: Some of the newer 50-inch plasma TVs have HDCP Next p. 6.12

Printers and Ways to Print Documents
What are the various ways to print documents and pictures? wireless printers printer cable various ways to print cable docking station media card p. 311 Fig. 6-13 Next

Factors to Consider: Buying Printers
How do you know which printer to buy? Depends on your printing needs Budget Speed Color or black and white Cost per page Graphics capability Photo printing Paper types and sizes System compatibility Future needs Wireless capability p. 6.13 Next

Printers: Portrait .vs. Landscape Views
What is a printer? An output device that produces text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper or transparency film A hard copy, or printout, exists physically Two orientations: Portrait & Landscape portrait orientation landscape orientation Next p Fig. 6-14

Printer thru the Internet (Fed-Ex Office)
What is Internet printing? An Internet service on the Web sends a print instruction to your printer Printer may be at a different location than your computer or the device that accessed the Web site e.g. Fed-Ex Office Next p Fig. 6-16

Google Cloud Printing Google’s Goal: Create a printing experience that enables any app (web, desktop, or mobile) on any device to print to any printer anywhere in the world. This goal is accomplished through the use of a cloud print service. Apps no longer rely on the local operating system (and drivers) to print. Instead, as shown in the diagram below, apps (whether they be a native desktop/mobile app or a web app) use Google Cloud Print to submit and manage print jobs. Cloud Print is then responsible for sending the print job to the appropriate printer, with the options the user selected, & providing job status to the app.

Impact Printers (Contact with paper)
What is an impact printer? Forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an ink ribbon that physically contacts the paper Generally are noisy because of this striking activity Ideal for printing multipart forms because they easily can print through many layers of paper Can withstand dusty environments, vibrations, and extreme temperatures Next p

3-D Printers Dimension 3-D printer Desktop 3-D printer
3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing technology where a three dimensional object is created by successive layers of material[1]. 3D printers are generally faster, more affordable and easier to use than other additive manufacturing technologies. 3D printers have the ability to print parts and assemblies made of several materials with different mechanical and physical properties in a single build process. Dimension 3-D printer Desktop 3-D printer

3-D Printing (in Layers)
One variation of 3D printing consists of an inkjet printing system used by Z Corporation. A 3D CAD file is imported into the software. The software slices the file into thin cross-sectional slices, which are fed into the 3D printer. The printer creates the model one layer at a time by spreading a layer of powder (plaster, or resins) and inkjet printing a binder in the cross-section of the part. The process is repeated until every layer is printed. This technology is the only one that allows for the printing of full color prototypes. It is also recognized as the fastest method. YouTube Video: 3-D Printing a wrench: (Worth watching)

Impact Printers What are the levels of quality produced by an impact printer? Impact printers typically do not print letter quality print near letter quality (NLQ) Slightly less clear than letter quality Used for routine jobs letter quality (LQ) Output is a quality of print acceptable for business letters Next p. 6.14

Continuous-form paper
Dot-Matrix Printers What is a dot-matrix printer? An impact printer that produces printed images when tiny wire pins on a print head mechanism strike an inked ribbon Most use continuous-form paper, in which each sheet of paper is connect together The pages have holes along the sides to help feet the paper through the printer Continuous-form paper Next p Fig. 6-17

Dot Matrix Printers How does a dot-matrix printer work?
When the ribbon presses against the paper, it creates dots that form characters and graphics The print head mechanism can contain 9 to 24 pins A higher number of pins means the printer prints more dots per character, which results in higher print quality Next p Fig. 6-17

Line Printers What is a line printer?
A high-speed impact printer thatprints an entire line at a time The speed is measured by the number of lines per minute (lpm) it can print Typical speed: to 3000 lpm Next p Fig. 6-18

Line Printers Classic IBM line printer. Print speeds: 600 to 1200 lines-per-minute (approximately 10 to 20 pages per minute) Next

Printers (Band & Shuttle Matrix)
What are the two types of line printers? Band printer prints fully-formed characters when hammers strike a horizontal, rotating band that contains shapes of numbers, letters of the alphabet, and other characters A shuttle-matrix printer moves a series of print hammers back and forth horizontally Works more like a dot-matrix printer Next p Fig. 6-18

Printers (3 Types of Non-Impact Printers)
What is a non-impact printer? Forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper without actually striking the paper Three common types: (1) ink-jet printers, (2) laser printers, (3) thermal printers Next p. 6.15

Printers (Ink Jet Printers)
What is an ink-jet printer? A type of nonimpact printer that forms characters and graphics by spraying tiny drops of liquid ink onto a piece of paper Usually uses individual sheet of paper stored in a removable or stationary tray The most popular type of color printer for use in the home Print resolution range: 600 to dpi Click to view Web Link then click Ink-Jet Printers Next p Fig. 6-19

Printers: Inkjet Resolution
What is the resolution of an inkjet printer? Also called sharpness and clarity Measured by the number of dots per inch (dpi) a printer can output 300 dpi 600 dpi 1,200 dpi Next p Fig. 6-20

Printers: Print Cartridges
The print head mechanism contains an ink-filled print cartridge Each cartridge has fifty to several hundred small ink holes, or nozzles Cartridge cost: Black: $15 to $32 (800 pgs) Color: $20 to $35 (450 pgs) Next p Fig. 6-21

Printers: How an Ink-Jet Printer works
How does an ink-jet printer work? print cartridge Step 4: As the vapor bubble collapses, fresh ink is drawn into the firing chamber. firing chamber ink dot nozzle print head Step 1: A small resistor heats the ink, causing the ink to boil and form a vapor bubble. bubble resistor Step 2: The vapor bubble forces the ink through the nozzle. nozzle ink Step 3: Ink drops onto the paper. ink paper Next p Fig. 6-21

Printers: Laser Printer Technology
What is a laser printer? A high-speed, high-quality nonimpact printer Usually use individual sheet of paper stored in a removable tray Can print text and graphics in very high quality resolution, ranging form 1200 to 2400 dpi Cost more than ink-jet printers, but are much faster Speed: Black: 15 to 35 ppm Color: 4 to 24 ppm Large business laser printers: around: 150 ppm Next p Fig. 6-17

Printers: Laser Printer Technology
How does a laser printer operate? Operate in a manner similar to a copy machine Creates images using a laser beam and powdered ink, called toner When toner runs out, you can replace the toner cartridge. Toner cartridge prices range from $50 to $100 for about 5,000 printed pages Next p. 6.17

Printers: How a laser printer works
How does a laser printer work? Step 1: The drum rotates as gears and rollers feed a sheet of paper into the printer. Step 2: A rotating mirror deflects a low-powered laser beam across the surface of a drum. Step 3: The laser beam creates a charge that causes toner to stick to the drum Step 4: As the drum continues to rotate and press against the paper, the toner transfers from the drum to the paper. Step 5: A set of rollers uses heat and pressure to fuse the toner permanently to the paper. Next p Fig. 6-23

Hewlett Packard 5200tn Printer
Price: About $ 35 ppm (black & white) Duty cycle: 2500 to 10,000 pages per month

Printers: PCL and PostScript
What is a page description language? Laser printers process and store the entire page before they actually print it Sometimes called page printers Laser printers require a certain amount of memory in the device to store a page before printing A page description language (PDL) tells the printer how to layout the contents of a printed page PCL (Printer Control Language) Developed by Hewlett-Packard A standard printer language that supports the fonts in layouts used in standard office documents PostScript Designed for complex documents with intense graphics and colors Used by professionals in the desktop publishing and graphic art fields Next p. 6.18

Printers: Thermal Printers
What is a thermal transfer printer? Generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against heat-sensitive paper Basic thermal printers are inexpensive, but the print quality is low and the images tend to fade over time Thermal wax-transfer printer Also called a thermal transfer printer Generates rich, nonsmearing images by using heat to melt colored wax onto heat-sensitive paper Next p Fig. 6-24

Printers: Dye-sublimation printers
What is a dye-sublimation printer? A type of thermal printer Also called a thermal dye transfer printer Uses heat to transfer colored dye to specially coated paper Cost several thousand dollars Can create images that are of photographic quality Next p Fig. 6-24

Printers: Mobile Printers
What is a mobile printer? Small, lightweight, battery-powered printer that allows mobile user to print from notebook computer, Tablet PC, or PDA while traveling p. 311 Fig. 6-26 Next

Printers: Photo Printers
What is a photo printer? Color printer that produces photo-lab-quality pictures Step 1. Take photograph with digital camera and store it on media card in the camera. media card media cards photo printer Step 2. Insert media card into card reader on photo printer. Step 4. Remove printed photo from the printer. Step 3. Use menu to select desired image to print, view it on LCD screen, edit if necessary, select size of the print, and then print image. p Fig. 6-22 Next

Printers: Label Printers
What is a label printer? A small printer that prints on an adhesive type material that can be placed on a variety of items Most also print bar codes Some have built in digital scales and can print e-stamps An e-stamp, also called Internet postage, is digital postage you buy and print right from you personal computer Next p Fig. 6-26

Portable Printers What is a portable printer?
A small, lightweight printer that allows a mobile user to print for a notebook or handheld computer while traveling Some use ink-jet technology Others are thermal or thermal wax-transfer Many connect to a parallel port or USB port Others have a built-in wireless infrared port through which they communicate with the computer Next p Fig. 6-27

Wireless Printing: Infrared & Bluetooth
What is wireless printing? Output transmitted to printer wirelessly via infrared light waves or radio waves Bluetooth printing uses radio waves Bluetooth devices need to be within a 30-foot range

Wireless Printing: Network Shared Printers
If one of the computers on the network has a printer attached, all of the computers on the network should be able to access it -- as long as your printer is designated as a "shared" printer for the network. To make sure your printer is network shared, open the Control Panel (on the computer that has the printer), click Printers and Other Hardware, then View installed printers.

Wireless Printer HP OfficeJet Pro L7780 has built in b/g wireless support which is compatible with encryption methods up to WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) Up to 35 pages/min black, 34 colors • Legal-size flatbed • Automatic two-sided printing • Wireless networking

Another Wireless Printer
HP OfficeJet Pro A Ink Jet Printer Print, copy, scan, fax ( must plug into an ordinary phone line) Automatic two-sided printing 32 pages per minute (black) 31 ppm (color) Can print from Web without being connected to a PC USB cable wired connection OR: Wireless (Wi-Fi) networking capable OR: Ethernet cable connection (on a network)

Infrared Printing from a Smart Phone
To print from a smart phone , the user would line up the IrDA port on the phone with the IrDA port on the printer. Apple iPhone 4S

Plotters What is a plotter? HP Design Jet Plotter
A sophisticated printer used to produce high-quality drawings Used in specialized fields such as engineering and drafting Use a row of charged wires (called styli) to draw an electrostatic pattern on specially coated paper and then fuse toner to the pattern HP Design Jet Plotter Next p. 6.22

Printers: Large Format Printers
What is a large-format printer? Operates like an ink-jet printer, but on a much larger scale Creates photo-realistic quality color prints Used by graphic artists Next p Fig. 6-28

Audio Output: Speakers and Headsets
What is an audio output device? A component of a computer that produces music, speech or other sounds, such as beeps Two commonly used audio output devices are speakers and headsets speakers woofer Next p Fig. 6-29

Audio Output: Speakers and Headsets
What types of speakers are available? Most personal computers have a small internal speaker that usually outputs only low-quality sound Many users add sophisticated stereo speakers to generate a higher-quality sound speakers Many users add sophisticated stereo speakers to generate a higher-quality sound Some users add a woofer to boost the low bass sounds woofer Next p Fig. 6-29

Speakers and Headsets What is an audio output device?
Computer component that produces music, speech, or other sounds Speakers and headsets are common devices subwoofer speakers p Figs. 6-30–6-31 Next

Other Output Devices: Data Projectors
What is a data projector? A device that takes the image from a computer screen and projects it onto a larger screen so an audience of people can see the image clearly Next p Fig. 6-32

LCD & DLP Projectors What are two types of smaller data projectors?
LCD projector Uses liquid crystal display technology Attaches directly to a computer Uses its own light source to display the information shown on the computer screen Digital light processing (DLP) projector Uses tiny mirrors to reflect light, which produces crisp, bright, colorful images that remain in focus and an be seen clearly even in a well-lit room Next p. 6.25

Other Output Devices: FAX Machines
What is a facsimile (fax) machine? A device that transmits and receives documents over telephone lines Documents can contain text, drawings, or photographs, or can be handwritten A stand-alone fax machine scans an original document, converts the image into digitized data, and transmits the digitized image Max speed: 14,400 bps Note: the IRS often requires taxation paperwork to be FAXed Next p Fig. 6-33

Other Output Devices: (MFD)
What is a multifunction device (MFD) “All-in-one” ? Print, Copy, Scan, and FAX A single piece of equipment that looks like a copy machine, but provides the functionality of a printer, scanner, copy machine, and perhaps a fax machine Sometimes called multifunction peripherals (MFPs), or all-in-one devices Cost: < $300.00 Many MFD have now eliminated the FAX Function. Next

All-in-One Multi-Function Devices
HP Officejet J6480 All-in-One Printer, Fax, Scanner, Copier (about $169.00)

Intelligent terminals
What is a terminal? A device that performs both input and output because it consists of a monitor (output), a keyboard (input), and a video card Three basic categories Dumb terminals Intelligent terminals Smart terminals Next p. 6.27

Terminals In contrast, a dumb terminal has no processing
capabilities; it must rely entirely on the central computer. A terminal (monitor and keyboard) that contains processing power. Intelligent terminals include memory and a processor to perform special display operations. A smart terminal has some processing capabilities, but not as much as an intelligent terminal

Terminals: Dumb Terminals
What is a dumb terminal? Has no processing power . It cannot function as an independent device Can enter and transmit data to, or receive and display information from, a computer to which it is connected Connect to a host computer that performs the processing and then sends the output back to the dumb terminal Next p Fig. 6-36

Terminals: Dumb Terminals
Coax terminals attach to a mainframe host. Also known as IBM 3270 terminals, they come in various screen sizes, screen colors, keyboard styles, and with or without a printer port. " amber or green " color, green, or amber, parallel printer port 3472-G 14" graphics color model, parallel printer port 3472-H 14" color, green, or amber with HP-compatible printer port * 3472-D 15" green, parallel printer port

Terminals: Intelligent Terminals
What is an intelligent terminal? Also has memory and a processor that has the capability of performing some functions independent of the host computer Sometimes called programmable terminals because they can be programmed by the software developer to perform basic tasks More info: Next p. 6.28

Output Devices for Physically Challenged Users
What is the magnifier command? Windows Magnifier command enlarges text and other items in a window on the screen In Windows 7, the Magnifier is on the Start Menu Location of mouse pointer magnified at top of screen Next p Fig. 6-38

Accessibility Features

On Screen Keyboard

Narrator (Text-to-Speech software)

Output Devices for Physically Challenged Users
What other output options are available for visually impaired users? Change Window settings, such as increasing size or changing color of text to make words easier to read Blind users can work with voice output Braille printer outputs information in Braille onto paper Braille keyboards, also p Fig. 6-40

Chapter 6 Computer Output
END OF PRESENTATION

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