1. Mike Evans / NWS Binghamton, NY

2. Outline Large-scale pattern / meso-analysis Radar data High resolution model output Summary

3. 500 mb heights and vorticity

4. Surface plot – 09z

5. Equivalent potential temperature, omega and wind speed cross section – 12z

6. SPC surface and 700 mb frontogenesis – 09z

7. SREF CAPE and 850 hPa wind

8. SPC analysis 0-1 km shear and significant tornado parameter

9. SPC Guidance

10. Reflectivity and storm relative motion 0522 – 0540 UTC

11. Reflectivity and storm relative motion 0654 – 0830 UTC

12. Reflectivity and storm relative motion 0945 UTC

13. 13

14. 14

15. Normalized rotation – Erin tornado (QLCS)

16. Normalized rotation – Danby tornado (QLCS – broken S)

17. Normalized rotation – Pharsalia tornado (mini- supercell)

18. Normalized rotation – McDonough tornado (mini- supercell; range folding)

19. Normalized rotation – Columbus tornado (mini- supercell; RFD spin-up)

20. Normalized rotation – Herrick tornado (QLCS)

21. Severe reports

22. BGM CWA tornado climatology

23. High resolution model 1 km AGL reflectivity – valid 09z

24. High resolution model 1 km AGL reflectivity – valid 12z

25. HRRR 1 km AGL reflectivity valid 08z

26. Summary Tornadoes and flash floods affected central New York and northeast Pennsylvania during the early morning on the 28 th. This was only the 2 nd time since the late 1990s that a tornado was reported in our area between midnight and 9 am. Tornadoes occurred with a variety of convective storm structures and a variety of rotational evolution patterns.

27. Summary continued 00z hi resolution model runs forecast a variety of structures; mostly broken lines of convection, composed of small line segments and some individual cells. The 00z HRRR model was too weak with the line (especially over NY), but subsequent runs trended toward a better forecast. All of the 00z models were too far west (too slow) with the convection from 06z through 12z.