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Leiden University. The university to discover. DMT 2009 Week 2 Adriaan van der Weel
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Leiden University. The university to discover. The digital lifecycle
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Leiden University. The university to discover. DMT 2009 Project -Erven F. Bohn correspondence -Transcription -Proofing -‘Enrichment’: encoding in TEI XML -Storage -Retrieval -Publication
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Leiden University. The university to discover. Recapitulation
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Leiden University. The university to discover. The computer as a medium 1 -From the book to digital ways of ordering information -Media as knowledge machines -Characteristics of media determine the nature of the knowledge machine
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Leiden University. The university to discover. The computer as a medium 2 - Publishing: 1. Text (like books, newspapers, etc. 2. Cultural heritage - Digital born vs digitised materials - Profit vs non-profit
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Leiden University. The university to discover. More than a medium -The computer is 1. A medium (replacement for the book) 2. A Universal Machine - As a Universal Machine the computer is the vehicle for ‘humanities computing’ - No clear division
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Leiden University. The university to discover. Digital ‘knowledge machine’ -More than a digital ‘book’: -Making text intelligent (main focus) -Using intelligent agents to mine text -People (Web 2.0) -Markup -Documents -Rules -Styles
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Leiden University. The university to discover. The markup application
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Leiden University. The university to discover. HTML -The WWW’s chief markup language -Markup application: -Documents -Rules -Styles -Homework -Seminar
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Leiden University. The university to discover. Document analysis -What relevant knowable things exist -How can we classify them -What is their relationship -Different categories of text have different relevant classes of knowable things, e.g.: -Correspondence -Drama -Poetry
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Leiden University. The university to discover. From typography to markup -Homo typographicus -We are conditioned by books -We live in the ‘Order of the Book’ -Books order and structure: -The ‘libroverse’ contains books -Inside each book -Typography is an implicit structuring and ordering device -Computers need explicit instructions: -Markup: HTML, XML, TEI, etc.
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Leiden University. The university to discover. XML basics -1. Application -Document instance -Validation (DTD, Schema) -Styles/transformations (Week 5-8) -2. The markup language -Elements -Attributes -Entities -ASCII and Unicode (next week)
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Leiden University. The university to discover. 1. The markup application
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Leiden University. The university to discover. 2. The markup language XML Declaration Document Type Declaration Meta information Text
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Leiden University. The university to discover. Elements -Are like nouns -Recognizable structural components in the text -Have a name: an opening and a closing tag -Have content -Examples: - This is the first lecture of Digital Media Technology. - William Shakespeare -NB: empty elements ( )
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Leiden University. The university to discover. Attributes -Are like adjectives -Indicate properties of an element -Have a name and a value -Examples: - This is the first lecture of Digital Media Technology. - William Shakespeare
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Leiden University. The university to discover. Entities -Entities indicate the occurrence of special text string that will be replaced by a different literal value. -They are used for: -Special characters (i.e. characters that are not part of the ASCII character table) Example: © will be rendered as © -Strings Example: &BDMS; could be rendered as Book and Digital Media Studies
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Leiden University. The university to discover. Document Type Definition -The ‘rules’ -Also: schema
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Leiden University. The university to discover. Validation -Checking the document instance against the rules laid down in the Document Type Definition (DTD) or schema
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Leiden University. The university to discover. The markup application
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