1. BREAST IS BEST By: Sandy Dhudwal and Nisha Velji

2. OUTLINE 1. History 2. Recommendations 3. Properties of Breast Milk 4. Benefits of Breastfeeding 5. Harmful Effects of Formula Milk

3. 6. Why Some Mothers Choose Formula Vs. Breast Milk Vs. Breast Milk 7. Other Options 7. Other Options 8. Additional Resources 8. Additional Resources

4. OBJECTIVE To increase awareness about breast feeding. To educate about the benefits of breast feeding. To educate about the basics of breast feeding. To educate about the harms associated with formula feeding. To advocate for breast feeding and empower parents to make an informed choice.

5. HISTORY Artificial feeding becomes readily available at turn of century Artificial feeding becomes readily available at turn of century By 1940’s control of birth & feedings given to doctors By 1940’s control of birth & feedings given to doctors By 1970, historical low in breastfeeding rates in western world By 1970, historical low in breastfeeding rates in western world Rates peak in 1980s Rates peak in 1980s Duration rates still generally low Duration rates still generally low

6. RECOMMENDATIONS Exclusive breast feeding until 6 months of age Introduce complimentary foods with continued breastfeeding Optimum to breastfeed for 2 years or longer

7. PROPERTIES OF BREASTMILK Biologic specificity => Long-chain omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA and AA) Biologic specificity => Long-chain omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA and AA) -Important for brain and retinal development -Important for brain and retinal development -Higher IQs -Higher IQs

8. IMMUNOLOGIC SPECIFICITY Protection against pathogens & allergens Protection against pathogens & allergens Kills pathogenic organisms or modifies their growth Kills pathogenic organisms or modifies their growth Stimulates epithelial maturation for future defence Stimulates epithelial maturation for future defence First immunization First immunization Protection against common respiratory and intestinal diseases Protection against common respiratory and intestinal diseases

9. IMMUNOLOGIC SPECIFICITY Colostrum = Baby’s first vaccination Colostrum = Baby’s first vaccination Less risk of illness such as: Less risk of illness such as: Ear infections, pneumonia, crohn’s disease and other bowel illnesses, stomach flu and other intestinal illnesses, ear infections, childhood cancers, diabetes, arthritis, allergies, asthma and eczema Ear infections, pneumonia, crohn’s disease and other bowel illnesses, stomach flu and other intestinal illnesses, ear infections, childhood cancers, diabetes, arthritis, allergies, asthma and eczema

10. PERFECT FOOD FOR BABIES Just the right amount of nutrients in the right proportions Just the right amount of nutrients in the right proportions Over 200 components in human milk Over 200 components in human milk Composition of breast milk: Composition of breast milk: -Live cells, fat, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals -Live cells, fat, carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, minerals -Less fat than most other mammals -Less fat than most other mammals -More lactose than other mammals -More lactose than other mammals

11. BREAST MILK COMPOSITION Fat (4% concentration provides up to 50% of caloric needs, cholesterol levels constant, lipolytic enzymes aid in fat digestion) Fat (4% concentration provides up to 50% of caloric needs, cholesterol levels constant, lipolytic enzymes aid in fat digestion) Carbohydrates (lactose = milk sugar predominantly in human milk, 7% concentration provides up to 40% caloric needs, essential for development of CNS, enhances calcium & iron absorption) Carbohydrates (lactose = milk sugar predominantly in human milk, 7% concentration provides up to 40% caloric needs, essential for development of CNS, enhances calcium & iron absorption)

12. BREAST MILK COMPOSITION Carbohydrates (Bifidus factor = growth factor present only in human milk required for establishing an acidic environment in the gut to inhibit growth of bacteria, fungi and parasites) Carbohydrates (Bifidus factor = growth factor present only in human milk required for establishing an acidic environment in the gut to inhibit growth of bacteria, fungi and parasites) Protein Protein -Lactoferin => Isolates external iron -Lactoferin => Isolates external iron -Secretory IGA => Most important immunoglobulin, breast milk = only source for first 6 weeks -Secretory IGA => Most important immunoglobulin, breast milk = only source for first 6 weeks

13. BENEFITS OF BREASTFEEDING Ecological: Ecological: -Saves resources -Saves resources -Less waste -Less waste -No refrigeration -No refrigeration -No manufacturing -No manufacturing -No bottles, cans -No bottles, cans -No trucking -No trucking -No handling -No handling

14. BENEFITS OF BREASTFEEDING For Society For Society -Smarter -Smarter -Healthier -Healthier -Less cost to healthcare system -Less cost to healthcare system -Stronger families -Stronger families

15. BENEFITS OF BREASTFEEDING To Families To Families -Less trips to doctors, hospitals -Less trips to doctors, hospitals -Less prescriptions -Less prescriptions -Less stress -Less stress -Less illness -Less illness -More bonding -More bonding -Inexpensive -Inexpensive

16. BENEFITS OF BREASTFEEDING Benefits to baby: Benefits to baby: -Better dental health -Better dental health -Increased visual acuity -Increased visual acuity -Decreased duration and intensity of illnesses -Decreased duration and intensity of illnesses -Less allergies -Less allergies -Better health & less risk of illnesses -Better health & less risk of illnesses

17. BENEFITS OF BREASTFEEDING Benefits to mother: Benefits to mother: -Psychological (Attachment, bonding, security, skin to skin, fulfillment of basic needs, relationship) -Psychological (Attachment, bonding, security, skin to skin, fulfillment of basic needs, relationship) -Easier weight loss -Easier weight loss -Decreased risk of illness (breast cancer, osteoperosis, hemmorhage, ovarian cancer) -Decreased risk of illness (breast cancer, osteoperosis, hemmorhage, ovarian cancer) -Birth control -Birth control -Pride, empowerment, fulfillment -Pride, empowerment, fulfillment

18. HARMFUL EFFECTS OF FORMULA MILK

19. Why some mothers choose formula vs. breast milk Distressed by physical discomfort of early breastfeeding problems. Distressed by physical discomfort of early breastfeeding problems. Convenience issues Convenience issues Pressures of employment/school Pressures of employment/school Worries that breast shape will change Worries that breast shape will change Formula manufacturers manipulate people through their ads Formula manufacturers manipulate people through their ads Doctors and nurses need more lactation training Doctors and nurses need more lactation training www.hasslefreeclipart.com/.../baby_crying.gif

20. Why some mothers choose formula vs. breast milk Moms given very little time to adjust to changes of postpartum Moms given very little time to adjust to changes of postpartum Family demands Family demands Non-supportive family/health professionals Non-supportive family/health professionals Embarrassment Embarrassment Lack of confidence in self Lack of confidence in self Feeling that one cannot produce enough milk Feeling that one cannot produce enough milk www.dreamstime.com/ thumb_27/11304631444pJ47D.jpg

21. Mother’s milk vs. formula milk Mother’s milk vs. formula milk Formula milk for 3 days old babies is no different than formula milk for 3 months old infants. Formula milk for 3 days old babies is no different than formula milk for 3 months old infants. Breast milk is ingeniously different every single day; adapted to the changing needs of the baby. Breast milk is ingeniously different every single day; adapted to the changing needs of the baby. store.enfamil.com/ media/pr_prosobee_lipil.jpg breastfeeding.8k.com/ Resources/breastfeeding.jpeg

22. Mother’s milk vs. formula milk Mother’s milk vs. formula milk Human milk is designed to support the development of large brains, capable of processing and storing lots of information. Human milk is designed to support the development of large brains, capable of processing and storing lots of information. Cows milk is designed to support functions, like constant grazing. Cows milk is designed to support functions, like constant grazing. myxo.css.msu.edu/danimal/ quiz/cow_picture.png www.babymall.com.au/ images/readingroomcartoon.gif

23. Illness Relative risk Allergies, eczema 2 to 7 times Allergies, eczema 2 to 7 times Urinary tract infections 2.6 to 5.5 times Urinary tract infections 2.6 to 5.5 times Inflammatory bowel disease 1.5 to 1.9 times Inflammatory bowel disease 1.5 to 1.9 times Diabetes, type 1 2.4 times Diabetes, type 1 2.4 times Gastroenteritis 3 times Gastroenteritis 3 times Hodgkin's lymphoma 1.8 to 6.7 times Hodgkin's lymphoma 1.8 to 6.7 times Otitis media 2.4 times Otitis media 2.4 times Haemophilus influenzae meningitis 3.8 times Haemophilus influenzae meningitis 3.8 times Necrotizing enterocolitis 6 to 10 times Necrotizing enterocolitis 6 to 10 times www.geocities.com/.../ Canopy/4116/stalk.gif

24. Illness Relative risk Pneumonia/lower respiratory tract infection 1.7 to 5 times Pneumonia/lower respiratory tract infection 1.7 to 5 times Respiratory syncytial virus infection 3.9 times Respiratory syncytial virus infection 3.9 times Sepsis 2.1 times Sepsis 2.1 times Sudden infant death syndrome 2.0 times Sudden infant death syndrome 2.0 times Industrialized-world hospitalization 3 times Industrialized-world hospitalization 3 times www.mamashealth.com/ images/lungs1.gif

25. Barriers to Bonding * A Bottle places a physical barrier between mom and baby *Less skin to skin contact *Less eye contact * The hormonal connection between the breastfeeding mother and baby cannot be experienced by the bottle feeding mother www.photohome.com/.../ mom-and-baby-1a.jpg

26. Other Options If Breastfeeding is Not Possible Mom can still use her milk, even if she decides not to breastfeed: Use a breast pump (electric/manual) Use a breast pump (electric/manual) Cup or bowl feeding Cup or bowl feeding Spoon feeding Spoon feeding Eyedropper or feeding syringe Eyedropper or feeding syringe Nursing supplementer Nursing supplementer Get milk from donation bank Get milk from donation bank graphics.iparenting.com/.../womanpumping.jpg

27. THE END There is no freedom of choice for humans if it has been taken away from them at the beginning. Breast-feeding is not a choice, but an obligation to the choice, Give your child the freedom of choice. www.13.waisays.com/ image006.jpg

28. Additional Resources La Leche League La Leche League World Health Organization World Health Organization Community Health Nurses Community Health Nurses Lactation Consultants Lactation Consultants Public Health Agency of Canada Public Health Agency of Canada

29. References Mohrbacher, Nancy, and Stock, Julie. The Breastfeeding Answer Book, Mohrbacher, Nancy, and Stock, Julie. The Breastfeeding Answer Book, 3 rd Edition. Illinois: La Leche Leage International, 2003. The Breastfeeding Committee for Canada. The Baby-Friendly Iniative in Community Health Services: a Canadian Implementation Guide. BCC, 2002. World Health Organization. Evidence for the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. Geneva: WHO, 1998. Class Notes Google Images http://www.fda.gov/FDAC/features/895_brstfeed.html http://medicalreporter.health.org/tmr0297/breastfeed0297.html http://www.mamadearest.ca/en/info/benefits_breastfeeding.htm http://www.lambtonhealth.on.ca/infant/benefits.asp http://www.babyfriendly.org.uk/health.asp http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/rhs-ssg/factshts/brstfd_e.html http://www.caaws.ca/mothersinmotion/baby/feeding_benefits_e.html