1. How to Best Display Physiologic Signals

2. Cole WG, Stewart JG. Human performance evaluation of a metaphor graphic display for respiratory data. Methods Inf Med 1994;33:390–6. Metaphor graphic display led to interpretations twice as fast as a tabular (flow sheet) format.

3. Ohmeda Modulus CD

4. Weinger MB, Anesthesiology, 83:1184-1193, 1995

5. Michels P, Gravenstein D, Westenskow DR. An integrated graphic data display improves detection and identification of critical events during anesthesia. J Clin Monit 1997;13:249 –59.

6. With the graphical interface: two of four events seen 2.4 - 3.1 min sooner three of four events identified correctly important gains given the time frame of anesthesia.

7. Jungk A, Thull B, Hoeft A, Rau G. Evaluation of two new ecological interface approaches for the anesthesia work place. J ClinMonit 2000; 16: 243^258

8. Jungk Configural display: most effective restoration of patient status to normal anesthesiologists identified cuff leakage and blood loss events significantly faster than with standard display

9. Hypovolemia Blike GT, Surgenor SD, Whalen K, Jensen J. Specific elements of a new hemodynamics display improves the performance of anesthesiologists. J Clin Monit Comput 2000;16:485–91.

10. Anesthesiologists recognized the signs of clinical shock earlier and made fewer errors classifying the kind of shock than when using a conventional digital display. Blike GT, Surgenor SD, Whalen K, Jensen J. Specific elements of a new hemodynamics display improves the performance of anesthesiologists. J Clin Monit Comput 2000;16:485–91. Event Recognition

11. Situational Awareness integrated display provides better support for maintaining awareness of patient state than a traditional display. Zhang Y, Drews F, Westenskow D, et al. Effects of integrated graphical displays on situational awareness in anesthesiology. Cogn Technol Work 2002;4:82–90.

12. Paper Study Wachter SB, Agutter J, Syroid N, et al. The employment of an iterative design process to develop a pulmonary graphical display. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2003;10:363–72.

13. Paper Study (cont.)

15. Blike GT, Surgenor SD, Whalen K, Jensen J. Specific elements of a new hemodynamics display improves the performance of anesthesiologists. J Clin Monit Comput 2000;16:485–91.

16. 300 200 250 150 100 50 * * Time to diagnose and treat (sec) Bronchospasm Obstructed Endotracheal Tube Diagnose Treat Diagnose Treat Wachter B, PhD Dissertation, Univ of Utah, Dec 2003

17. Graphical Pulmonary Display Anesthesiologists readily recognized the graphical elements of the display, and Participants recognized pulmonary events 1.6 min faster with the graphical display.

18. Agutter J, Anesth Analg. 2003 97(5):1403-13

19. Albert R, et al, Psychophysical Scaling of a Cardiovascular Information Display Visualization, IEEE 2003

20. Recognize and Treat MI –With Display 3:33 min –Without Display 6:17 min p <.001 Recognize LV Failure –With Display 2:13 min –Without Display 5:00 min p <.02 Recognition Time Agutter J, STA Proceedings, Jan 2004

22. How to best display information “..displays are likely to be graphic representations…” “..different facets of system information are brought into a coherent whole so that the operator’s need to engage in information integration is dramatically reduced.” [Peter Hancick: Operator Stress and Display Design, Ergonomics in Design, Spring 2003, pg 13-18]

23. show higher-order physiological functions or states by graphically configuring lower- level measures in a manner that makes the higher-level properties emerge. (Anesth Analg 2005;101:161–8)Penelope M. Sanderson, How to Best Display Physiologic Signals

24. Boeing Primary Flight Display FlightSim.com

26. Object Display Blike GT, Surgenor SD, Whalen K, Jensen J. Specific elements of a new hemodynamics display improves the performance of anesthesiologists. J Clin Monit Comput 2000;16:485–91.

27. Bronchospasm

28. Results of Paper Study

29. Integrated visual displays reveal higher- order properties of patient state and speed in responding to events, but their benefits under an intensely timeshared load is unknown. (Anesth Analg 2005;101:161–8)Penelope M. Sanderson, Advanced Patient Monitoring Displays: Tools for Continuous Informing

30. Who decided what to display and how to display it ? Engineering Dept ? Marketing Dept ? Medical Consultants ?

31. Who decided what to display and how to display it ? Engineering Dept ? Marketing Dept ? Medical Consultants ?

32. Does it matter how information is displayed?