1. Pablo Sastre Olmos Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 7 May 2008

2. Geographic Information Systems

3. Mapping criteria must be relevant for the organisms or processes studied

4. 1 km Mapa 1:50.000 1 km 1:18.000 1 km 1:6.500 1 x 1 Km UTM 30T VK3796 Analysis at different resolution scales

5. Stream Density (m/ha) at different scales

6. Analysis at different extents (area of samples)

7. Query by attribute: show the location Spatial query: show the attributes

10. Storage of attributes Raster model (digital code)

11. Vector model (table associated to objects) Storage of attributes

13. Raster Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Vector Contour lines (dist.=500m)

15. Georeferencing Collection Database (Darwin Core): Country = Spain Digital map “Countries-World” (GIS layer with database): Country = Spain Geographic references

16. Collection Database (Darwin Core): Country = Spain Digital map “Countries-Europe” (GIS layer with database): Country = Spain Georeferencing Geographic references

17. Limits Land - Sea: - Continents - Islands, archipelagos Administrative limits: - Countries - Regions - Provinces - Counties - Districts, etc. Streets, roads (post addresses) Rivers, etc. Mountains, etc. ¿What?: Phylum, Species, Sex,... ¿How?: BasisOfRecord, PreparationType ¿Who?: Collector,... ¿When?: YearCollected,... ¿Where?: ContinentOcean Country Province County Locality Longitude Latitude CoordinatePrecision, BoundingBox MaximumElevation, MaxDepth,... Darwin Core Fields Systems of X,Y coordinates Lat./Long. (decimal degrees) UTM (metres, …) Etc. Geographic references

18. Birds Colection – Spanish Museum of Natural Sciences (MNCN-CSIC) Genus Parus Forest Genus Circus Agriculture Madrid / Counties

20. Historical Data Example: Country = Nueva Granada Virreinato de Nueva Granada (1718-1819) (Colombia, Panamá, Venezuela, Ecuador) República de Nueva Granada (1830-1861) (Colombia, Panamá)

21. Dorcadion (J. Lauffer, 1899-1902)