1. Urban Meteorology for Homeland Security Presented to Urban Meteorology Forum September 21, 2004 Nancy Suski Director Emergency Preparedness & Response Programs, Plans & Budget Nancy.suski@dhs.gov 202-254-5743 Science & Technology Directorate

2. April 16, 2004 2 Whatever the situation - emergency responders are there first.

3. April 16, 2004 3 DHS capabilities can be strengthened by support from the meteorological community  Systems studies and planning tools  Detection and characterization  Urban monitoring  Facility protection  Agriculture  Response and Recovery  Forensics and attribution  Field demonstrations

4. April 16, 2004 4 Systems Studies  System Studies Supported by Countermeasure Simulations  Detailed, integrated, interactive, real-time, multiple-scale, multiple technology simulations needed at local, regional, national and global levels.  Large scope and diversity in coupling bio-surveillance, consequence management, and public health/agricultural response system simulations.  Real-time and archived meteorological data appropriate to multiple systems and applications is required to support objectives.

5. April 16, 2004 5 Detect and Characterize Urban Monitoring Wide Area (BioWatch) + Building Clusters + Hi-value Facilities Targeted Monitoring Special EventsAgriculture

6. April 16, 2004 6 Wide Area Monitoring  Sensor Placement  Meteorological data needed at appropriate resolution to optimize sensor placement  High value assets  Wide-Area monitoring  Special events  Agricultural assets

7. April 16, 2004 7 Urban Meteorology  Urban Canopy Characterization  Complex terrain observed in typical cityscape requires a better understanding of flow fields in the urban environment  Uncertainties in model input data and predictions  Acquire quality-assured datasets for urban dispersion model development and validation  Uncertainties in met data and forecast data need to be characterized  Models need to be validated with data from field trials.

8. April 16, 2004 8 Incident Characterization & Emergency Response  Modeling and prediction tools needed to support incident characterization  High resolution real-time and archived meteorological nowcast and forecast data needed to support modeling.

9. April 16, 2004 9 ….and making our cities safer and more resilient to attack… Making our nation safer and more resilient to attack Interagency Modeling & Assessment Center (IMAAC) New York City Urban Dispersion Program Biological Warning & Incident Characterization System Study PROTECT & PROACT facility protection

10. April 16, 2004 10 Interagency Modeling & Atmospheric Assessment Center (IMAAC)  Integrates the best and brightest scientific capability with the vast emergency response capacity of the federal government  Distributes atmospheric hazard predictions to federal, state, and local response agencies to assure a common operating picture  Provides expert interpretation of results to federal, state, and local government, especially DHS HSOC and FEMA NEOC  Eliminates confusing and conflicting hazard predictions

11. April 16, 2004 11 IMAAC Implementation Plan  Interagency Modeling and Assessment Center has been created under DHS leadership with an interagency steering committee  Interim operations have been established at the National Atmospheric Release Advisory Center in Livermore, CA  IMAAC will support a collaborative R&D program as well as a 24/7 operational capabilities  Operations include  Production & distribution of hazards products  Participation in National Exercise Program  Training and awareness programs on IMAAC access and products  Connectivity to federal, state and local EOCs and incident command posts, as needed  Expert “on site” liaisons

12. April 16, 2004 12 NYC Urban Dispersion Program General Objectives  Enhance NYC’s emergency capabilities for addressing potential airborne releases of harmful materials.  Advance our understanding and characterization of the effects of urban processes on atmospheric dispersion in large cities leading to improved and validated urban parameterizations for atmospheric dispersion models.  Couple indoor and outdoor studies to further our understanding and characterization of outdoor-indoor exchange.

13. April 16, 2004 13 Urban Dispersion Program Approach  Meteorological Network Task - Enhance the meteorological network in and around NYC to more effectively describe the complex circulations governing dispersion. Provide data in “near-real-time” to centers.  Radiological Monitoring Network Task - Enhance a network of radiological monitors for detecting radiological threats in NYC. Provide data in “near-real- time” to centers.  Field Studies Task - Conduct tracer field studies to understand and characterize urban processes affecting dispersion and provide data to evaluate models. Conduct coupled outdoor-indoor field studies.  Urban Modeling Task - Exercise existing meteorological and dispersion models to help design the networks and field studies. Advance parameterizations of the effects of urban processes on atmospheric dispersion.  Technology Transfer Task - Transfer the technologies to NYC emergency personnel. Ongoing throughout the duration of the program.

14. April 16, 2004 14 Environmental Monitoring Detecting the Agent Directly (Wide Area Monitoring, Hi-value Facilities & Special Events) BioWarning/ Incident Characterization System For all delivery means (air, water, food, vector-borne) Allows earliest medical intervention Defense of Cities Study The Washington Institute & Sandia National Laboratories Detects large attacks Detects all level of attacks Limited to epidemic & outcome stages Integrated Biosurveillance Detecting the Effects of the Agent (Public Health,Syndromic, Non-Traditional & Animal/Plant) Incident Characterization Tools (plume modeling, Epi-modeling) Effective Response Strategies Biological Warning and Incident Characterization System BWIC - An integrated system for bio- warning and incident characterization

15. April 16, 2004 15 Program for Response Options and Technology Enhancements for Chem/Bio Terrorism (PROTECT)  Network of chemical sensors linked to metro video surveillance  Transitioned to operational status under WMATA in DC Metro FY03  Provides below and above ground plume predications  Similar test bed established in Boston Metro FY03

16. April 16, 2004 16 Protective and Responsive Options for Airport Counter-Terrorism (PROACT)  Goals  Increase near-term preparedness  Develop assessment processes for defense system design  Demonstrate chemical & biological defense components  Activities  Vulnerability assessment  Model-based analysis  Facility characterization tests  Bio-detection system development & testing  Chemical detector testing Bio-Chem facility protection options for airports

17. April 16, 2004 17 Summary of DHS Urban Meteorological Requirements  Wide-Area Monitoring  Localized high resolution data to support sensor placement and effective detection strategies  System Studies – Modeling and Simulation  Real-time, integrated hazard prediction/analysis tools using high resolution- meteorological data  Incident Characterization and Response Strategies  Validation- Field Demonstrations  Validated models with well quantified uncertainties  Support field demonstrations to test prototype technologies

18. April 16, 2004 18 Collaboration among federal, state and local assets for emergency response is an essential element homeland security