1. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 1 We have the tools How to attract the people? Creating a culture of Web-based participation in environmental decision making Raimo P. Hämäläinen Jyri Mustajoki Mika Marttunen

2. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 2 Web-tools New possibilities to support participatory decision making Decision analytical tools Tools for participation Experiences of web support in environmental management Multiple objectives Multiple stakeholders Often in georaphically different locations

3. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 3 Development of lake regulation policies Lake Päijänne 1995–1999 Lake Kallavesi 1999–2001 Pirkanmaa lakes 1999–2003 In collaboration with Finnish Environment Institute

4. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 4 The tools used www.Decisionarium.hut.fi Opinions-Online (www.opinion.hut.fi) Platform for global participation, voting, surveys, and group decisions Web-HIPRE (www.hipre.hut.fi) Value tree based decision analysis and support Joint Gains (www.jointgains.hut.fi) used only in a student role playing testwww.jointgains.hut.fi Multi-party negotiation support with the method of improving directions

5. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 5 Opinions-Online v.2.0 Online generation of web-survey forms Multiple / single choice questions Open ended Different ways of setting priorities Ranking, Approval voting, Multiattribute rating On-line analysis of the results Possibility to view and link to the results according to any field on the questionnaire Allows to see differences between stakeholder groups

6. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 6 Opinions-Online - Creating a new session

7. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 7 Opinions-Online - Analysis of results

8. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 8 Web-HIPRE

9. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 9 Who can use Web-HIPRE to create and evaluate preference models? Requires methodological support  Not easily applicable with general public Ok in steering groups with assistance Independent analysis of steering group members' models with Web-HIPRE? Possibly Ok – still risk of misunderstandings Web-based learning material can help understand the methods and software

10. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 10 Public Web- HIPRE Opinions- Online Web Site Decision on recommendations Steering Group Results to Web Preference elicitation Analysis of results Preference elicitation Information FeedbackAnalysis of the feedback Analysis of the feedback Information Analysis of results Web Independent use Assisted use Framework for the use of Web Results to Web

11. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 11 Stages in a traditional participatory environmental policy process 1. Initial screening of stakeholder concerns 2. Evaluation and modeling of the problem 3. Informing the public, e.g. about decision recommendations 4. Collecting and analysing feedback from the public 5. Decision on policy recommendations 6. Public evaluates the decision

12. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 12 1. Initial screening of stakeholder concerns Web does not yet provide natural ways to inform about possibilities to participate  Traditional ways of informing the public still needed Newspapers, radio, TV, … Mail questionnaires Expensive to send and analyze Once public has been informed, Web can be used for e-participation

13. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 13 2. Evaluation and modeling of the problem Decision analysis provides a transparent way to model preferences Stakeholder weights and rankings can be published on the Web Decision analysis interviews Analyst assures the proper use of the methods Decision conferences/workshops Individual preference models as a basis of discussion and group models

14. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 14 Lake Päijänne Steering group, 20 people Decision analysis interviews with HIPRE and Web-HIPRE Typical models publicly available on the Web Initial screening by mail questionnaires 10 public meetings, including interactive DA Closing seminar 51 participants Results of the value tree analyses Opinions-Online feedback

15. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 15 Lake Päijänne Web site

16. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 16 3. Web Site for Informing the Public Impacts of policy alternatives Pictures, text, graphs, diagrams Description of Web-HIPRE models of the steering group members Clear separation of facts and values Aim to explain the values and objectives of different stakeholder groups Can be analyzed by stakeholders in local meetings

17. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 17 Pirkanmaa lakes Web site Information about the recommendations on the Web

18. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 18 4. Collecting and analysing public feedback Direct links to opinions-online surveys and results opinions from different geographical areas and stakeholder groups people learn each others’ perspectives – feeling that they have a voice Everyone does not have access to Internet Alternative ways to participate, e.g. by mail, should be provided Web tools can still be used by entering the opinions from the mail questionnaires into the web

19. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 19 Pirkanmaa lakes Opinions-Online was the primary way to collect public feedback about the regulation recommendations Web questionnaire and material broadly advertised on: e-Mail lists, Web pages Local newspapers Local radio and TV Possibility to alternatively reply by regular mail 333 replied on the Web and 6 by mail

20. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 20 Visits to the Web questionnaire Open from February 19 to March 7 Weekend

21. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 21 Pirkanmaa lakes Web site Results available for the public

22. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 22 Is Web participation too easy? How to assure that stakeholders examine the different options thoroughly? E.g. in the Pirkanmaa Web questionnaire very few people visited the information material provided on the recommendations  Learning of the regulation and understanding of the other stakeholders' views may not happen Public anchored onto just expressing a voice or a vote but were not ready for active participation?

23. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 23 Discussion The Web-based framework meets several objectives of public participation Openness Fairness Clarification of facts and values Opportunity for every person to present an opinion - not only stakeholder representatives Provides a possibility for an active role for the public

24. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 24 Culture grows from positive experiences Collaboration of DA researchers and policy planners Small steps Simple Web-based tools first Web pages for information Surveys Steering group use of DA tools Interactive evaluation of decision models by stakeholdes Can the public use DA tools independently? This will take years

25. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 25 How to attract the people? It is not enough to have tools – technology push does not work ! New innovations take 30 years to be accepted eTools for participation are available but they are not enough: Participation process has to be designed with a systems intelligent perspective -Communication so that trust will not be lost -Collaboration and learning as a working mode

26. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 26 References M. Marttunen and R.P. Hämäläinen (1995): Decision analysis interviews in environmental impact assessment, European Journal of Operational Research, 87(3), 1995, 551-563. M. Marttunen, E.A. Järvinen, J. Saukkonen and R.P. Hämäläinen (1999): Regulation of Lake Päijänne - a learning process preceding decision-making, Finnish Journal of Water Economy, 6, 29-37. (in Finnish) J. Mustajoki and R.P.Hämäläinen (2000): Web-HIPRE: Global decision support by value tree and AHP analysis, INFOR, 38(3), 208-220. R.P. Hämäläinen, E. Kettunen, M. Marttunen and H. Ehtamo (2001): Evaluating a Framework for Multi-Stakeholder Decision Support in Water Resources Management, Group Decision and Negotiation, 10(4), 331-353. R.P. Hämäläinen (2003): Decisionarium - Aiding Decisions, Negotiating and Collecting Opinions on the Web, Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, 12(2-3), 101-110 J. Mustajoki, R.P. Hämäläinen and M. Marttunen (2004): Participatory multicriteria decision support with Web-HIPRE: A case of lake regulation policy, Environmental Modelling & Software, 19(6), 537-547.

27. S ystems Analysis Laboratory Helsinki University of Technology 27 Web sites Findings of 20 years of research in environmental decision analysis and participation: www.environment.sal.hut.fi/ Lake Päijänne project: www.paijanne.hut.fi Lake Kallavesi project: www.kallavesi.hut.fi Pirkanmaa lakes project: www.pirkanmaa.hut.fi Decisionarium: www.decisionarium.hut.fi Finnish Environment Institute: www.vyh.fi Water Resources in Finland: www.vyh.fi/eng/environ/state/waterre/waterre.htm