1. MIDAS Introduction 1 Introduction to MIDAS ( Middleware for Composable and Dynamically Adaptable Services ) Santosh Shrivastava Newcastle University

2. MIDAS Introduction 2 MIDAS is an IST Accompanying Measure –One year duration (starting June 02) Objectives: –(i) to create a research roadmap for the development of the next generation middleware capable of supporting services that are composable and adaptable within the context of large scale systems where quality of service issues ranging from fault-tolerance, timeliness to security and survivability are of paramount importance –(ii) to build Europe wide partnerships for creating an integrated project (IP) in the Framework Six Programme (FP6)

3. MIDAS Introduction 3 MIDAS members: –Santosh Shrivastava (University of Newcastle, UK), coordinator –André Schiper (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) –Roy Friedman (Technion - Israel Institute of Technology) –Danny Dolev (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem) –Dahlia Malkhi (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem) –Roberto Baldoni (The University of Rome "La Sapienza") –Steve Battle (Hewlett Packard Laboratories, Bristol) –Anthony Wiley (Hewlett Packard Laboratories, Bristol) –Jean-Bernard Stefani (INRIA Rhône-Alpes, Grenoble) –Gérard Vandôme (INRIA Rhône-Alpes, Grenoble) »Executive Director, ObjectWeb open source consortium

4. MIDAS Introduction 4 We assume a ubiquitous computing environment where processors will be everywhere and will be interconnected by a diverse array of networks, from ad- hoc to the global Internet. Constructing the software infrastructure -the middleware - for ubiquitous computing environment poses a number of scientific and technical challenges. –scalability, –quality of service, –manageability, and –programmability.

5. MIDAS Introduction 5 Scalability –scaling in machine forms - from smart labels to server farms to metacomputing network overlays; scaling in numbers - objects, machines, users, locations; scaling in logical and organizational structures - from ad-hoc collaborations networks to federations of multi-domain enterprises. Quality of service (QoS) –ability to obtain correctness and service-level guarantees such as timeliness, availability, fault-tolerance, survivability for applications executing in large scale environments. Manageability –the ability monitor and control the operation and evolution of large scale, long- lived distributed applications and services, avoiding manual intervention and centralisation Programmability –the ability to compose new applications from existing applications and services, deploy and maintain them in highly dynamic and heterogeneous computing environments;

6. MIDAS Introduction 6 MIDAS workplan: –To consult the R&D community –organise an invited workshop on research directions –Prepare a research roadmap for the scientific community –Based on the above, work towards the formulation of an IP »Within the IP, we expect to address core research topics such as:  Fault-tolerance and survivability  Performance evaluation  Challenges of supporting mobility  Web services composition through automated negotiation  Operating systems and network support for emerging applications  Trust and security  ----

7. MIDAS Introduction 7 Progress so far: –Involved in two EOI (expression of interests): »EUCOSM: European Ubiquitous Component-based Open Source Middleware »UBICOM: Ubiquitous computing middleware (lack of time prevented integration of the two in one) –Workshop on "Middleware for Composable and Adaptable Services", Montreux, 14-15 November 2002. –contained sessions on future trends and requirements in a number of application areas that include: Telecommunications, Air Traffic Control. Research problems in components, service provisioning, networking, Security and trust, Dynamic Networks…… –Preliminary Research roadmap available at: http://www.newcastle.research.ec.org/midas/

8. MIDAS Introduction 8 Roadmap We have identified research challenges in: –system structure & software engineering: dynamic reconfiguration, programming models, analysis and SE tools, system management, manageability and composability –quality of service: models, algorithms and tools for reliability, fault tolerance, survivability, security & trust, real-time –scalable dynamic networks: P2P, ad-hoc networking, mobility and emerging applications. Revised version to be available by March/April 03 –We briefly examine the research challenges in the above three areas

9. MIDAS Introduction 9 Research challenges in: System structure & software engineering: –A prime requirement that has emerged in the last decade in small and large scale distributed systems is the need to build adaptable (dynamically reconfigurable) systems to deal with a variety of changes (changes in the environment of the system, changes in application requirements, upgrade and maintenance changes, etc). This is a crucial requirement for future global computing environment where systems will be deeply embedded and potentially long-lived. –Research challenges in Dynamic reconfiguration: »efficiency issues: how to design and build dynamically reconfigurable systems without imposing stiff run-time performance penalties? »system integrity: how to characterize and enforce system integrity constraints so as to ensure safe dynamic reconfiguration? »dealing with failures and scale: how to design and build large scale, dynamically reconfigurable systems in presence of failures? –The roadmap goes on to discuss further research challenges in the area of System structure & software engineering

10. MIDAS Introduction 10 Research challenges in: Quality of Services (QoS): –First and foremost, in order to provide QoS, there must be a good definition of the desired qualities. The challenge is to provide a good specification in a formal way, that is also measurable and verifiable in practice. An open direction is to devise models capable of capturing the probabilistic nature of distributed processing. »Some of the key goals are: Achieve systems in which QoS guarantees can be specified and enforced during unstable periods in which failures and recoveries take place Provide means for verifying compliance with a specification. –new application areas present new challenges for “old” problems. »One such domain is that of peer-to-peer (p2p) resource sharing applications that exhibit high decentralization, scalability and dynamic behaviour. –new technologies and platforms present the application builder with system design problems that differ from the past ones. »mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETS), there is no fixed infrastructure and all information and service must be carried on the fly among existing participants

11. MIDAS Introduction 11 Research challenges in: Scalable Dynamic Networks: P2P, ad-hoc networking, mobility and emerging applications. –Recent advances: Overlay networks, peer-to-peer Networks, Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET), Highly Dynamic Environments, Sensor networks, Grid systems –Challenges: »Approach: Completely decentralized vs. core based solutions vs. hybrid solutions not clear which is the right approach to developing middleware systems for such dynamic environments. »Large scalable lookup/discovery services »Geographical and proximity based mapping Existing lookup and discovery methods ignore issues of geography and proximity. »Relationship between routing/networking and middleware level »…

12. MIDAS Introduction 12 Research challenges MIDAS members have contributed to the workshop on ‘future directions in distributed computing’ held in Bertinoro, June 02, organised by Ozalp Babaoglu (Univ. of Bologna), Ken Birman (Cornell Univ.) and Keith Marzullo (UC, San Diego). »Proceedings based on the talks to be published soon by Springer, LNCS.

13. MIDAS Introduction 13 formulation of an IP  We expect the IP to contain  Research tier: long term research challenges  Technology tier: Advanced development activities; integration of software development around the ObjectWeb code base and ObjectWeb consortium  Application tier: integration of software development around application specific platforms

14. MIDAS Introduction 14 Example: Research and technology tiers work on Trust and security –Trust is a vital component of every business interaction –Trust: Firm belief in the reliability or truth or strength of an entity »Customers must trust that sellers will provide the services they advertise »Sellers must trust that the buyer is able to pay for goods or services »if such direct trust does not exist then you need intermediaries trusted by both (trusted third parties) through which the interaction can take place

15. MIDAS Introduction 15 Practical example: Open Buying on the Internet (OBI) protocol; the specification defines the following trust model (excerpts): –The validity of digital certificates is fundamental to this trust model since certificates establish the identities of requisitioners and machines during authentication. The trust between two trading partners is another fundamental aspect of this model. Highlights of the trust model are outlined below: »Trading partners trust each other’s certificates and Certificate Authorities Certificates are issued by trusted CAs who operate secure environments. Both trading partners trust the CAs to issue certificates securely. The certificate (more specifically, the associated private key) used to identify an individual is stored securely within the browser software on the individual’s desktop computer and is protected from access by others. »The Selling Organization trusts the Buying Organization to: insure that OBI orders are only submitted on behalf of authorized purchasers. For example, a former employee may still have access to a previously issued digital certificate that allows access to selling organization catalogs….

16. MIDAS Introduction 16 There is a need for high-level way of specifying and managing trust and translating these into ‘right set’ of trust services: »identity service »Authorisation service »Trust rating and recommendation services »Auditable receipt generation »Timestamp generation »Guaranteed message delivery