1. Extreme Scaling … and friends Presented by Cory Sharp UC Berkeley

2. Outline PEG: Things we did well Extreme scaling goals Extreme scaling issues Final demo goals

3. PEG: Things we did well

4. NEST PEG Midterm Demo Problem: detect unfriendly vehicle enter sensitive area, track using magnetics, pursue and capture by UGV 10x10 array of robust wireless, self-localizing sensors over 400 m 2 area Low cost, robust ‘mote’ device: magnetometer, microcontroller, radio network, ultrasonic transceiver Evader: human controlled Rover Pursuer: autonomous rover with mote, embedded PC, GPS dot mag ultrasound acoustic pursuer evader

5. PEG Video

6. PEG: Things we did well Modular software, SystemC –Actually reusable, compose system services, remote invocation Routing, landmark-based –Robust mobile-to-mobile routing within the nodes Neighborhood –Node identification, membership, and data sharing abstraction Remote Config, Ident –Delayed parameter binding reduces reprogramming Remote command-line interface –When GUI’s just don’t cut it: scripting 100 real nodes, baby Heirarchical system structure –Primary sensors simple, defer processing to agents

7. Extreme Scaling Goals

8. To create a robust 10,000 node autonomous ad hoc sensor network in an operationally relevant environment for demonstrating the capabilities in the monitoring and protection of long linear structures, by the end of FY ’04 NEST Extreme Scaling Analysis –To discuss the NEST plan –Robust 10,000 node autonomous ad hoc sensor network –Operationally relevant environment –Demonstrating the capabilities –Monitoring and Protection –Long linear structures (Pipelines, borders, …) –End of FY ’04

10. 300 km border IRAQ SYRIA AL QAIM IRAQ / SYRIA Border October 2003

11. 25 km dirt road 500m Sensor node with 50m range Exfiltration node (PDA) 400 nodes/km 2 Both sides 1% of Total Laydown Schedule 3 month 6 month 9 month 12 month 1000 3000 6000 Full system demonstration Specs Dismounts – armed and unarmed Vehicles 2 second latency < $150/node Pfa < 1 alarm/day Pd = 0.95 at walking speed “Kansas Pipeline” – Canonical 10,000 Node Problem

12. Extreme Scaling Responsibilities Ohio State is the lead Berkeley’s role –Reprogramming a 10,000 node network Software modules Network reprogramming boot loader –System monitoring / watchdog –System support

13. Scaling Issues

14. 1.Timeline is too aggressive June 04100 December 041000 June 0510,000 2. Sensing is a problem a. Magnetics unlikely to detect weapons at ranges > 1m b. PIR unlikely to be a cure-all c. Consider McEwan radars 3. Comms range seen as problematic 4. Need 4 X more PDA’s – Pfa / lifetime / latency very aggressive and triplet may be impossible to achieve simultaneously Extreme Scaling Issues … raised in a NEST Sep’03 telecon

15. 5.Need for rock-solid over air loading capability needed to demonstrate scalability – and this is not currently in hand. Architecture work needed. 6.Power is a huge problem for a demonstration -Always on needed to achieve Pfa? -Debugging and software loads are battery intensive -Lifetimes are currently far too short 7.Solid packaging needed (“one touch only”) 8.Need a separate contractor to actually camp in desert and deploy sensors 9. Next tier PDA work needed, as well as highest tier (GUI) Extreme Scaling Issues … raised in a NEST Sep’03 telecon

16. 10. Dynamic tagging seen as an alternate approach that demonstrates scalability without problems in static sensor laydown 11. Rush to production seen as a costly mistake. A disciplined, Step-by-step process with formalized acceptance criteria at each Stage was recommended to avoid a failure. Extreme Scaling Issues … raised in a NEST Sep’03 telecon

17. NEST Final Demo Goals

18. “Bigger and better” than the midterm demo We have the opportunity to push the demo instead of being pulled (kicking and screaming) by it –The midterm demo is money in the bank, let’s spend it –Push to get the experiments and data we need for research we care about Extracting data from and manipulating large deployments –Establish a 100-node UCB testbed –NEST extreme scaling demo –NEST final demo

19. Steering the Final Demo A.K.A. “If DARPA paid for and deployed an insane number of nodes, and you wanted to explore your research ideas on a real, large deployment, what research would that be?” Identifying failing or malicious nodes Measuring application-level metrics Testing multi-object tracking Exploring the small-world connectivity model 100 small robots as agents of the network … your ideas?

20. Thanks! gg ppt, ownt