1. Dr. Sujay Dutta Crop Inventory & Modelling Division ABHG/EPSA Space Applications Centre ISRO Ahmedabad – 380 015 sujaydutta@sac.isro.gov.in Monitoring wheat rust affected areas through remote sensing – a case study for Punjab IRS P6 AWiFS Mar.10, 2011

2. Green and red band is suitable to detect symptom related to change in pigments Near infra red band is suitable for tissue damage detection Shortwave infrared is sensitive to water/ content/drying detection Thermal band is suitable for change in canopy temperature Rational of disease detection using RS data  Basic studies have already shown the requirement of narrow bands for better discrimination of disease levels. Thus, ideally hyper spectral sensor is most suitable.

3. IRS P6 AWiFS sensor Date of satellite pass acquired: December 14, 2010, January 16, 2011, February 09, 2011 March 10 & 25, 2011 Data Used  The wheat crop area was generated under the national project “FASAL” for the same season  The mask of wheat classified pixels were used to derive the NDVI and LSWI profiles of wheat crops for the region of Punjab  Two crop sowing pattern was observed in the study area. Major percent of wheat crop was early sown, where the peak growth stage was observed by mid February Methodology

4.  To study the weather situation during the disease occurance, meteorological parameters obtained from Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF; Skamarock et al., 2008, Model version 3.1) was used. WRF Model is integrated for 72 hr with a horizontal resolution of 45 km for the All India grid points. The meteorological parameters used were: daily maximum and minimum air temperature and relative humidity  Study of the spectral profiles of wheat pixels showed sudden fall in NDVI and LSWI profiles from February 9, 2011 to March 10, 2011 in the sub mountainous region of Punjab state compared to other wheat areas in the plains. The observations made by field teams (provided by MOA) in March 8, matches with this.  A logical combination of the rules based on NDVI and LSWI resulted 2-4 per cent of wheat crop was damaged by the disease.  The difference of NDVI and LSWI values between Feb. and March 2011 data were used to derive the percent of negative deviation from Feb. to march. A percent difference image was created to located the infested areas.

5. Study area: Punjab state wheat crop pixels

6. Banga block, Nawan Shahar

7. Narote Jaimal Singh block Pathankote taluka

8. NDVI image LSWI image Mukerian Block, Hoshiarpur

10. Kharar, Rupnangar

11. Rust affected wheat in Banga block LSWI aloneLSWI & NDVI DistrictDiseased crop area (ha) Percent of area affected Percent of wheat area affected Diseased crop area ( ha ) Gurdaspur 2836815.32 2.384413 Hoshiarpur 3266728.69 4.38499 Jalandhar 2825222.25 4.61586 Kapurthala 192021.45 3.86346 Nawanshahar 100216.96 4.13245

13. NDVI, Banga Block,NawansaharMaximum air Temperature on feb. 15, 2011

14. Diurnal difference in maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity during February at sites with disease incidence. Diurnal difference in maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity during February at sites away from disease incidence.

15. limitations of realizing the full potential for crop disease detection Disease cycle being very short, one requires very high temporal resolution data for early detection. Thus, ideally, very high spatial resolution hyper spectral remote sensing data with high temporal resolution is essential for disease detection.

16. … Thank you

17. where LSWI(j) - LSWI value of 10 March,2011 LSWI (i) - LSWI value of 9 Feb., 2011 Land Surface Water Index(LSWI) SWIRNIR SWIRNIR LSWI      where ρ NIR = reflectance in near infrared band ρ SWIR = reflectance in short wave infrared band ….. Thankyou