1. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 1 PRO-VE ’04 An Outlook of Future Research Needs on Networked Organizations Joël Bacquet, Peter Fatelnig, Jesus Villasante, Arian Zwegers European Commission DG Information Society D5 – ICT for Business

2. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 2 Outline Networked organisations research Past research on intra-enterprise operations Past research on supply chains Past research on virtual enterprises Current research on networked organisations Future research on networked organisations Supporting European Research Context Research in Networked Businesses What Research? What Projects? WP2005-06 FP7 Conclusions

3. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 3 Intra-enterprise operations past research = Controller = Manufacturing Device 1: Centralized Model (Monolith control) 2: Hierarchical Model (Divide complex task in subtasks, Taylor organisation) 4: Heterarchy (e.g. Client-Server, Flat Control) 3: Modified Hierarchy (Dilts et al., 1991)

4. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 4 Intra-enterprise operations past research (AMICE, 1993)

5. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 5 Intra-enterprise operations past research Period Mid 1980s – mid 1990s Concepts CIM, Logistics, BPR, ERP Focus Integration of the so-called ‘islands of automation’ Initial vision of ‘factory without humans’ Later, improving business processes via ICT EC funded research projects E.g. AMICE Lessons learnt Different types of integration Modelling framework and modelling languages Recurring topics: enterprise evolution, model based execution, integration and interoperability, centralisation vs. decentralisation

6. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 6 Supply chains past research

7. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 7 Supply chains past research (CO-OPERATE, 2000)

8. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 8 Supply chains past research Period 1990s Concepts Bilateral process reengineering, focus on core competences, outsourcing Focus Elimination of the bull-whip effect Visibility in the supply chain EC funded research projects E.g. Adrenalin, Chainfeed, Cooperate, Smartisan Lessons learnt Planning vs. execution Supply chain design vs. supply chain operation Recurring topics: trust, centralisation vs. decentralisation, integration and interoperability

9. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 9 Virtual enterprises past research ERP X Trimp office buildings YTI Finland Pirma Betonilai-Concrete Trimp office buildingsYTI FinlandPirma Betonilai-Concrete ERP Y Syst em Z 1.Modeling the value network 1 1 2.Networked project management 2 2 3.Progress reporting & tracking 3 3 4.Integration with back-end systems 4 4 50% Reporting & Tracking http://globemen.vtt.fi

10. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 10 Network Customer A Competencies Virtual Enterprise A Suppliers Virtual Enterprise B Customer B Suppliers Virtual enterprises past research http://globemen.vtt.fi

11. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 11 Virtual enterprises past research Period End 1990s - 2003 Concepts From stable, relatively long-term alliances to more temporary cooperations Core competences, outsourcing Focus Inter-enterprise project management Collaboration services Mediators EC funded research projects E.g. Whales, Globemen, Business Architect Lessons learnt Virtual enterprises and enterprise networks Evolution of virtual enterprise throughout life cycle Recurring topics: trust, integration and interoperability

12. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 12 Virtual enterprises past research Period End 1990s - 2003 Concepts From stable, relatively long-term alliances to more temporary cooperations Core competences, outsourcing Focus Inter-enterprise project management Collaboration services Mediators EC funded research projects E.g. Whales, Globemen, Business Architect Lessons learnt Virtual enterprises and enterprise networks Evolution of virtual enterprise throughout life cycle Recurring topics: trust, integration and interoperability Logistics in the Virtual Enterprise Development of innovative IT-based tools to model the interaction between companies forming an extended or virtual enterprise based on a distributed concurrent engineering and co-design approach, and covering all phases of the product life cycle. (excerpt former IST work programme)

13. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 13 Networked organisations current research + http://ecolead.vtt.fi

14. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 14 Networked organisations current research Period 2003 - 2007 Concepts Interplay of virtual enterprises, breeding environment, and professional virtual communities Focus Theoretical foundation of the field Deployability of networked organisation concepts Enterprise interoperability Security EC funded research projects E.g. ECOLEAD, DBE, … Lessons learnt ?? Recurring topics: ??

15. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 15 Networked organisations future research?? Period ?? Concepts?? Innovation, new product design From cost to innovation From operational excellence to product leadership From traditional form, structure, practices to more robustness Focus?? ‘Tools’ for participation in multiple enterprise networks Performance measurement of networked organisations Management of complexity in enterprise networks Enhanced (product) innovation in inter-organisational networks EC funded research projects ?? Lessons learnt ?? Recurring topics: ??

16. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 16 Research in networked businesses 1990s End 1990s - 2003 2003 – 2007 ?? Dot Com thinking (Gartner, 2001) Mid 1980s – mid 1990s

17. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 17 Outline Networked organisations research Past research on intra-enterprise operations Past research on supply chains Past research on virtual enterprises Current research on networked organisations Future research on networked organisations Supporting European Research Context Research in Networked Businesses What Research? What Projects? WP2005-06 FP7 Conclusions

18. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 18 European Research context R&D expenditure as % of GDP Source: Eurostat

19. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 19 European Research context Total number of researchers per 1000 employed persons (end 1990s) Source: DG Research

20. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 20 European Research context Average annual growth (%) of total number of researchers (end 1990s). Source: DG Research

21. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 21 Lisbon Strategy “EU: Largest knowledge-based economy by 2010” The European Perspective Enlargement Candidate countries were full partners in FP5 ERA: European Research Area FP5, FP6, Eureka, COST, national RTD programmes … towards a ‘single market for research’ Broadband access, e-business, e-government, security, skills, e-health,... Other policies Single market, single currency, security of Europeans, sustainable development,...

22. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 22 EUREKA Europe’s R&D landscape The need for ERA enterprises, universities, research labs,... Framework Programmes: 4 % of total civil RTD expenditure in EU COST CERN, ESA, ESO,... ERA aims to aggregate fragmented R&D effort in Europe

23. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 23 European Research context Building the European Research Area (ERA) A "single market" for research an area for the free movement of knowledge, researchers & technology aim is to increase co-operation, stimulate competition & achieve better allocation of resources A restructuring of the European research fabric improved co-ordination of national research activities & policies account for most of the research carried out & financed in Europe A European research policy addresses not only funding of research activities (e.g. FP6) also takes into account all relevant aspects of other EU & national policies http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/era/

24. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 24 Challenges  stimulate collaboration  manage complexity  innovate together Research in Networked Businesses INFSO unit D5 Research in Networked Businesses INFSO unit D5 To facilitate the emergence of future business forms designed to exploit the opportunities and manage the challenges posed by the socio-economic and technical revolutions of the 21st century. Future business, more competitive, innovative, agile and value creating, will require new technologies, applications and services to enable them to work as networked knowledge-based businesses. Orientation  technology driven  long-term  industry-driven  structuring fragmented area  platforms for future eBusiness

25. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 25 What Research? Networked Businesses Objectives  develop ICTs supporting organisational networking, process integration, and sharing of resources that enable networked organisations (private and public) to build faster and more effective partnerships and alliances  re-engineer and integrate business processes, share efficiently knowledge and experiences and develop value added products and services for networked organisations

26. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 26 What Research? Research in Networked businesses (FP6 Call 1) Interoperability Software components New reference architectures Modelling techniques Semantics Business Ecosystems Self-evolving systems Collaborative environments Local network business ecosystem Socio-economic research Collaborative Networks Framework, models Network theory Complex adaptive/self organising Managing distributed operations Knowledge management Knowledge sharing, brokering Knowledge modelling Knowledge leveraging creativity and productivity

27. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 27 What Projects? Networked businesses - FP6 projects (August 2004) ATHENA INTEROP VE-FORUM DBE TrustCoM ILIPT CrossWork MyTreasury No-Rest SATINE Spider-Win XBRL CodesNet V-CES ECOLEAD VERITAS Legal-ISTMosquito MyCarEvent

28. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 28 ATHENA FP6 Integrated Project 20 Partners from 8 countries 25 M€ Cost / 14.4 M€ Grant 2004 - 2007 Vision: “By 2010, enterprises will be able to seamlessly interoperate with others” Aims to establish, become and be recognised in research and industry as a permanent world-class European Hub acting as a reference point in interoperability Enterprise Interoperability Centre (EIC) will bring together relevant stakeholders, elicit user requirements, organise workshops, provide training on interoperability aspects and technology, demonstrate prototypes, etc. Key Themes: Enterprise Modelling Cross-organisational business processes Semantic mediation Interoperability Framework Service-oriented architecture Model-driven architecture Contact: Rainer Ruggaber – SAP - rainer.ruggaber@sap.com http://www.athena-ip.org Advanced Technologies for Interoperability of Heterogeneous Enterprise Networks and their Applications

29. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 29 DBE FP6 Integrated Project 20 Partners from 9 countries 14.2 M€ Cost / 10.5 M€ Grant 2003 - 2006 Digital Business Ecosystem Paradigms and open-source component-based infrastructure enabling the creation of networked local digital ecosystems for SMEs competitiveness and local development A digital ecosystem infrastructure adopting mechanisms from biological theories of self-organisation and evolution addressing networked software solutions & business models http://www.digital-ecosystem.org Contact: Andrea Nicolai – T6 - a.nicolai@t-6.it Regional policies Socio-economic dynamics Value systems Organizational forms Open Source/Open Standards Business modeling Requirements gathering, User profiling Regional Catalysts Training & adoption Regulatory framework Knowledge base, Recommender BML, SDL, Fitness Landscape Dynamic service composition DBE UML profile P2P networks, Architecture Test automation, Accounting Evolution Self-organisation Organisation & Networks Complex systems dynamics Language & DNA Socio-economic context Business Computing Science

30. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 30 ECOLEAD FP6 Integrated Project 20 Partners from 14 countries 15.0 M€ Cost / 9.7 M€ Grant 2004 - 2007 European Collaborative Networked Organisations Leadership Initiative VO Breeding Environment Professional Virtual Communities Dynamic VOs “Horizontal” ICT infrastructure Theoretical foundation Making collaborative networks a new scientific discipline A holistic approach ECOLEAD aims at creating the necessary strong foundations and mechanisms for establishing an advanced collaborative and network-based industry society in Europe. http://ecolead.vtt.fi Contact: Martin Ollus – VTT - martin.ollus@vtt.fi

31. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 31 ILIPT FP6 Integrated Project 30 Partners from 12 countries 16.2 M€ Cost / 9.0 M€ Grant 2004 - 2008 Intelligent Logistics for Innovative Product Technologies From the "stock push" and "mass production" thinking of the last century, to a stockless "build-to-order" (BTO) production strategy http://www.ilipt.org Contact: René Esser – ThyssenKrupp - esser@tka-drf.thyssenkrupp.com Key Themes: The Modular Car (ModCar) Flexible Supply Network (FlexNet) Integration of complex product processes (IntePro)

32. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 32 INTEROP Emergence of a lasting European community on Enterprise interoperability with both research and industrial audience Aims to create the conditions of competitive Technology Transfer by providing upstream conceptualisation of business-driven interoperability Knowledge integration in the key areas Multidisciplinary approach to business-based Interoperability (IDEAS Roadmap) Key Themes: Software Architecture Enterprise Modelling Ontologies Spreading of Excellence 37% Joint Research 21% Management 7% Integrating activities 35% Interoperability Research for Networked Enterprises Applications and Software FP6 Network of Excellence 50 Partners from 15 countries 16 M€ Cost / 6.5 M€ Grant 2003 - 2006 Contact: Jean-Paul Bourrières – Univ. Bordeaux - bourrieres@lap.u-bordeaux1.fr http://www.interop-noe.org

33. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 33 MyCarEvent FP6 Integrated Project 21 Partners from 9 countries 16.0 M€ Cost / 10.0 M€ Grant 2004 - 2007 Mobility and Collaborative Work in European Vehicle Emergency Networks http://www.mycarevent.net/ Contact: Heiko Dirlenbach – FIR - mycar@fir.rwth-aachen.de Stakeholders: Motorists Road assistance services Workshop Mechanics Automotive OEMs Mobile network operators Content providers Aims to enrich the different automobile repair service providers with access to restricted knowledge and tools in a mobile working environment

34. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 34 TrustCoM FP6 Integrated Project 16 Partners from 8 countries 10.9 M€ Cost / 6.3 M€ Grant 2004 - 2007 A Trust and Contract Management framework enabling secure collaborative business processing in on-demand created, self-managed, scalable, and highly dynamic Virtual Organisations http://www.eu-trustcom.com Contact: Santi Ristol – SEMA - santi.ristol@barcelona.sema.slb.com TrustCoM framework architecture Aims at creating a reference framework for trust, security and contract management in VOs

35. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 35 WP2005-06 Lessons learned from the first calls (WP2003-04) Oversubscription demands focussing and precision SMEs Call1: ~16%; Call2: 17%; SO Networked Business: 22% NoEs : 7%; IPs: ~15%; STREPs: ~24% New member states Call1: <3%; Call 2: ~4 %; SO Networked Business: 2.0% NMS, 2.5% INCO Dedicated SO: “Further integration of the research effort in an enlarged Union” Call for STREPs in eGovernment, eBusiness, eLearning and eHealth International cooperation Main objectives WP2005-06 Fully meet the objectives of FP6 Prepare the start of FP7 Facilitate integration of new Member States Focusing of topics and research tasks to improve impact

36. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 36 WP2005-06 ICT for Networked Businesses Digital business ecosystems for SMEs Open source SMEs Enabling cooperation in production of software services NoEs, STREPs Extended products and services AmI technologies vs. new products and services Decentralised architectures allowing new approaches to business processes IPs, STREPs Horizontal actions Legal IPR/open source challenges Tools for assessment of potential benefits of collaborative networks SSAs, CAs

37. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 37 WP2005-06 Collaborative Working Environments Design and development of innovative concepts, methods and core services for distributed collaboration at work Core collaboration services Flexible management of services IPs, STREPs, CAs Research on tools for collaborative work in rich virtualised environments Focus is on support of augmented group presence, visualisation, group management, sharing support, seamless interaction, service composition, and semantic modelling of complex groups of workers IPs, STREPs, CAs Development of innovative validating applications for collaborative work in content-rich, mobile and fixed collaborative environments Applications in “ICT rich” domains IPs

38. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 38 Framework Programme 7 New elements?? Individual Research Teams Support to Basic Research through Individual Grants Stimulating competition Excellence as a major criterion for selection No “juste retour” ! Light administration needed Outsourcing to an executive agency, potentially ERC? Private-public partnerships Implemented through “European Technology Platforms (ETPs)” bring together the main stakeholders in a research and development field develop a strategic research agenda and a roadmap to achieve these goals stakeholders include industry, academia and the investors in research (public or private)

39. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 39 Conclusions History of EU research in Networked Businesses Building on relatively fragmented, unstructured past research efforts Influences by technology and socio-economic factors Some recurring topics Centralisation vs. decentralisation Integration and interoperability Supporting European research in Networked Businesses Some currently ongoing major initiatives Expectation: excellence in research results Expectation: recognised as world-class European hub Expectation: coherent group of initiatives Future European research Short term: WP2005-06 Longer term: FP7 Leadership needed Partnership building needed

40. European Commission DG Information Society European Commission DG Information Society 40 For More Information... FP6/ERA: http://www.cordis.lu/era/home.html http://www.cordis.lu/ist/ http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/fp6/index_en.html IST/eEurope: http://europa.eu.int/information_society/eeurope http://www.cordis.lu/ist ICT for Business new instruments: http://www.athena-ip.org http://www.digital-ecosystem.org http://ecolead.vtt.fi http://www.ilipt.org http://www.interop-noe.org http://www.mycarevent.net/ http://www.eu-trustcom.com E-mail: arian.zwegers@cec.eu.int FP6/ERA: http://www.cordis.lu/era/home.html http://www.cordis.lu/ist/ http://europa.eu.int/comm/research/fp6/index_en.html IST/eEurope: http://europa.eu.int/information_society/eeurope http://www.cordis.lu/ist ICT for Business new instruments: http://www.athena-ip.org http://www.digital-ecosystem.org http://ecolead.vtt.fi http://www.ilipt.org http://www.interop-noe.org http://www.mycarevent.net/ http://www.eu-trustcom.com E-mail: arian.zwegers@cec.eu.int