1. Warm Up What was the Industrial Revolution? What caused it?

9. The Industrial Revolution Part 1

10. Before the Revolution Since the birth of Civilization, most people lived and worked in small farming villages. By the 1750s, this began to change in Europe. There were 3 factors why.

11. #1 Revolution in Agriculture By the 1750s, many European farmers were improving their production. Causes: a. Crop rotation—changing the crops around so as not to exhaust the soil. b. Jethro Tull’s “Seed Drill.” c. Mixing soil. d. Enclosure

12. Enclosure In the old days, rich land owners let peasants live on and farm their land— these were very small farms. But then rich land owners began to kick the peasants of their land so they could make real big farms. They began putting up fences to keep people out. This was called “ENCLOSURE.”

13. Effects of Agriculture Revolution and Enclosure. Farms began to produce more and more food, and become more profitable. Could feed more people which led to larger populations. Because of the improved farming methods, farms needed fewer workers. This meant that many peasants now needed to look for other kinds of work. These jobless farm workers began to leave their farming villages and head to cities to find work.

14. Review What were the 4 causes of the Agricultural Revolution in Europe in the 1750s? 1. Crop Rotation 2. Seed Drill 3. Mixing Soil 4. Enclosure

15. Review What were the effects of the Agricultural Revolution? More food made with fewer workers. Meant that more people could (and needed to) work at other things.

16. #2 Population Explosion The agricultural revolution created a great rise in the population of Europe between 1750 – 1800. More food meant less famine and therefore fewer people were dying. Also, because women were eating better, they had healthier babies.

17. The Effects of #1 and #2 = More people are around that are not doing farm work and therefore can do (and need to do) other work.

18. #3 New Technology New sources of power and machines replace making things by hand. For much of history, the energy for work had been provided by humans and animals.

19. New sources of energy and new materials allowed business owners to change the way work was done.

20. New Sources of Energy water and wind began to be used. (can only be used by streams and wind is inconsistent).

21. Steam Power But the big breakthrough came with steam power in the 1700s. Allowed people to put factories wherever they wanted. Early steam engines used coal.

22. The Steam Engine Thomas Newcomen developed a steam engine. In 1769, Socttsman James Watt improved Newcomen’s engine dramatically. Watt’s engines became the key source for the Industrial Revolution.

23. Coal and Iron Besides being used as the fuel for steam engines, coal was also used to produce iron.

24. The 3 factors that contributed to the Industrial Revolution 1. Agricultural Revolution. 2. Population Explosion. 3. New Technology.

25. What was the Industrial Revolution? When things began to be made in factories instead of by hand (and the source of energy was not human or animal, but machine). Make a graphic organizer of the three factors for the industrial revolution –A. Title each factor –B. Describe each factor –C. Picture for each factor