1. Banking & Financial Institutions

2. Types of Bank Retail Banking – High Street Banks Current and Deposit Accounts Issue Loans Issue Mortgages Business Advice

3. Wholesale Banking large deposits large loans to companies or other banks and financial institutions investment banks. These included famous names such as Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, Rothschild, S G Hambros Very large loans to firms are often divided (‘syndicated’) among several banks.

4. Bank of England The Bank is the UK's Central Bank It was established in 1694 and nationalized in 1946 The Banker’s Bank Lender of the Last Resort

5. MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE BANK OF ENGLAND Banker to the Government Manages the issue of Government Debt Banker to the Commercial Banks Holds gold and foreign-exchange reserves Manages the issue of notes and coins Implements domestic monetary policy Supervises banks and other financial companies (this function changes in 1999)

6. NBK National Bank of Kazakhstan Not guided by profit making Accountable to the President.. Co-ordinates with the government in monetary policy The primary goal = stability of prices in Kazakhstan.

7. Main Roles of NBK Price stability Issues banknotes and coins Banker’s bank Develops and implements monetary policy support of payment system functioning Foreign exchange regulation and control assistance for maintenance of stability.

8. The following objectives were set up for the financial industry: Development institutional investors Ensure informational transparency for all investors Develop a system for state regulation financial sector