1. The effects on economic growth of using the € don‘t exactly leap to the eye. 5 fastest growing 4 slowest growing 3 € and 3 non-€ in the middle 5 fastest growing 3 € and 3 non-€ in the middle 4 slowest growing Misleading data condensation Condensing highly heterogeneous populations The 5 fastest growing states use the €...... of the 6 in the middle, 3 do and 3 don‘t... as do the 4 slowest

2. The effects on economic growth of using the € don‘t exactly leap to the eye. Goal: Make the € look bad for economic growth Technique: Use data condensation (averages) to hide contradictory data Misleading data condensation Condensing highly heterogeneous populations

3. Goal: Make the € look bad for economic growth Technique: Use data condensation (e.g. averages) to hide contradictory data The Independent 2005, derived from Business Week 2005 Only use averages to condense reasonably homogeneous data Misleading data condensation Condensing highly heterogeneous populations