1. Database Software
James Brucker

2. Free Relational Databases
MySQL - one of the most popular
the "M" in "LAMP" and "XAMP" stacks
"free" for non-commercial use only
many useful tools:
MySQL Administrator (Windows or Linux)
MySQL Workbench & Query Browser
phpMyAdmin
Owned by Oracle
SOLD

3. Free Relational Databases
PostgreSQL
Based on Berkeley Postgres
Open Source, can be used in commercial apps without a licence
Reputation as very stable and reliable
Included with Linux distros
Has some O-O features

4. Client - Server Databases
Database Server is a separate process running on a host.
Clients can run on any machine.
Many programs may be clients using a standard API.
Server (mysqld)
"mysql" utility
Java app using JDBC
server controls access to database
Excel client
Client side
Server side

5. Why the "d" in mysqld The MySQL server is named "mysqld".
Other programs ending in "d":
ftpd - ftp server
httpd - HTTP server
sshd - Secure Shell server
Why "d"?
Server (mysqld)
database

6. Lightweight & Embedded Databases
"Light" - they don't consume much cpu or memory.
"Embedded" - database manager is included (embedded) into your application.
Called "embedded mode".
MyApp
Connection
derby.jar
Software in JAR manages database as plain files. No server process.
include the database software (jar) with your application.

7. Hypersonic SQL HSQLDB - lightweight, fast database written in Java
database can be stored in memory or on disk.
embed in Java app - no separate server
don't need to install database server or disk-based database
can also run in client-server mode
useful for development and "demo" systems

8. Derby Derby - lightweight, pure Java database
formerly "Cloudscape", donated to Apache foundation
only 1 user can connect to database at a time
embed in Java applications - no separate server
similar to HSQLDB
can also run in client-server mode
included with JavaEE as "Java DB"

9. SQLite World's most widely distributed database written in C
very small: 350KB binary
used on Android
3rd party JDBC drivers:

10. SOLD Berkeley DB Berkeley DB - sleepycat.com (RIP)
libraries for embedded database using the OS's file system.
No db manager, No network access, No query language.
used as data tier for LDAP, sendmail, and many other apps
very small and fast -- faster than any relational DB w/ manager
C and pure Java version
language bindings for C++, Perl, Python, Ruby, and more
bought by Oracle in 2006:
still Open Source under the "Sleepycat Public License" and "Sleepycat Commercial License",
not required to distribute the source code with your app.
SOLD

11. "Community Edition" Databases
IBM DB2 Express-C - relational DB with XML support
free edition of IBM DB2
good documentation and learning tools:
Oracle 11g Express Edition (XE)
leading market share among commercial databases
XE is easier to administer than full Oracle

12. Commercial Databases Databases ranked by 2006 revenue (million US$).
Source: Gartner Research (
Name that database!
Oracle - Oracle Database 11g, Warehouse Builder, Oracle Data Miner, Oracle OLAP
IBM - DB2, has "community edition"
Microsoft - MS SQL Server
Teradata - Teradata Database, Enterprise Data Warehouse

13. Install and Admin MySQL

14. Getting MySQL http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/ Server and client
Query Browser, Admin Tool
Java, ODBC, .Net, PHP
Many platforms:
Windows, Linux, Solaris, Mac OS-X

15. MySQL Software Server and Client
Download MySQL "Community Edition" from
Ubuntu can install using package manager or Synaptic
GUI Tools
mysql-gui-tools-5.2r6-platform
mysql-query-browser win.msi
Connectors
Connector/J Java JDBC
For CPE, download from

16. How to Administer MySQL
To manage a MySQL server, you need an administrator account (root) and administration tool:
mysqladmin - command line tool (included)
MySQL Administrator - part of MySQL Workbench
Other Tools:
phpMyAdmin - Web-based admin tool, open source
Webmin - another Web-based admin tool, for Linux

17. Main Window, "Catalogs" view
MySQL Administrator
Easy to use GUI interface.
Connection Dialog
Main Window, "Catalogs" view

18. mysqladmin and mysql Useful command line tools.
Change MySQL administrator password.
Create new database.
Import data / export data. Backup a database.
Modify privilege tables.
cmd> mysqladmin
Usage: mysqladmin [OPTIONS] command command....
Where command is a one or more of:
create databasename Create a new database
drop databasename Delete a database and all its tables
flush-tables Flush all tables
password new-password Change old password to new-password
reload Reload grant tables
shutdown Take server down
status Gives a short status message from server
version Get version info from server

19. Create a database cmd> mysql -h hostname -u root -p
Password: ********
mysql> create database Students;
Query OK, 1 row affected
mysql> use Students;
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
Empty set

20. Create a table in batch mode
It is easier and more repeatable to put SQL commands in a text file and process the file using a MySQL client.
(1) create a text file ("student-schema.sql") containing commands:
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS 'Students';
CREATE TABLE 'Students' (
`ID` int(11) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL auto_increment,
`Name` varchar(60) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
`Telephone` char(12),
`Birthday` date
) DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
(2) use mysql command tool to source the text file:
cmd> mysql -u root -p
mysql> use Student;
mysql> source student-schema.sql;

21. Another Batch Example -- create table for student data
-- use the 'UTF8' character set for Thai names
-- Jim Brucker, Jan 2006
USE test;
-- this will discard any existing data!!!
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS students;
CREATE TABLE students (
id CHAR(8) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
prefix VARCHAR(24) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
firstname VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
lastname VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
enfirstname VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
enlastname VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''
) DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

22. Adding Data to Tables Text file containing SQL "INSERT" commands.
Comma-delimited (CSV) file. Can be created using Excel.

23. Comma Separated Values files
Comma Separated Values (CSV) is a common interchange format for text data. Used by Excel, Yahoo AddressBook, ... many apps.
cmd> mysql -h hostname -u root -p
Password: ********
mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/path/filename' INTO TABLE tbl_name FIELDS TERMINATED BY ',' OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' ESCAPED BY '\\' ;
Query OK, 499 rows affected

24. MySQL Users What identifies a user?
"student" on local machine may not be the same person as "student" on pirates.com
even if "student" is the same, you may want to assign different privileges to local and network logins.
MySQL identifies users as:
(any host)

25. Creating a User Easy way: use MySQLAdmin or phpMyAdmin.
Command line (MySQL 5.0):
mysql> CREATE USER IDENTIFIED BY 'secret';
mysql> CREATE USER IDENTIFIED BY 'secret2';
mysql> CREATE USER IDENTIFIED BY 'hackme';

26. Managing Users and Permissions
Give "guest" permission to view the World database:
sql> GRANT SELECT ON world.* TO guest;
Allow "student" to insert/edit records in the City table:
sql> GRANT INSERT,UPDATE ON world.City TO student;
All "student" to modify the population field of existing countries (but not add new countries):
sql> GRANT UPDATE(population) on world.Country TO student;
Deny all privileges to everything to "hacker":
sql> REVOKE ALL on *.* TO Hacker;

27. GRANT / REVOKE Syntax privilege:
GRANT privilege[(column_list)] [, ... ]
ON { table_name | * | *.* | db_name.* }
TO user [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD] 'password']
[, ... ]
[WITH with_option ... ]
privilege:
SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, REFERENCES, CREATE, ALTER, DROP, INDEX, CREATE_VIEW, SHOW_VIEW
with_option
GRANT OPTION MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS count MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR count MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR count

28. GRANT / REVOKE Example
GRANT select,insert,update,delete ON world.*
TO IDENTIFIED BY 'secret' ;
student can query, insert, update, and delete records in the world database, but he can't change the database schema or indexing, can't grant privileges to others.
This command also creates a student user with password secret.

29. GRANT / REVOKE Example
GRANT ALL ON wiki.* TO
IDENTIFIED BY 'secret' ;
Create an admin user for the "wiki" database so that you can create tables, indices, etc.
Access allowed only on local machine, not over network.
Typical way of setting database permissions for a web application.

30. Privileges you can GRANT and REVOKE
Type of Operation Statement
View table data SELECT
Add rows to a table INSERT
Modify data in a table UPDATE
Delete rows DELETE
Reference a table from another REFERENCES
Drop tables DROP
Create or Alter tables CREATE, ALTER
Index a table by an expression INDEX
All privileges ALL

31. Exercise Create a user named "hacker".
Give hacker permission to view data in world.Country and world.City, but not world.CountryLanguage.
Give hacker permission to view, insert, update, and delete rows in all tables in the test database.

32. Resources MySQL http://dev.mysql.com/tech-resources/articles/dotnet/
Learning SQL
nice tutorial and command reference