1. DIABETES INSIPIDUS By Bruna Corrales

2. Definitons  Diabetes Insipidus ≠ Diabetes Mellitus  From the Greek: Diabainein -"to pass through“  From Latin: Insipidus - "having no flavor"

3. Diabetes Insipidus occurs when this precise system for regulating the kidneys' handling of fluids is disrupted. Normal Production of ADH

4. Central DI, Nephrogenic DI, Dipsogenic DI and Gestational DI. Four types of Diabetes Insipidus

5. Central DI  Most common and serious type of DI.  Results from damage to the pituitary gland.  Disrupts the normal storage and release of ADH.  Causes : different diseases as well as by head injuries, neurosurgery, or genetic disorders.  Tratment: Demopressin (synthetic antidiuretic ).  Prevented : Helmets, sit belts and other protective equipaments.

6. Nephrogenic DI  Results when the kidneys are unable to respond to ADH.  Cause :drugs (such as lithium), chronic and inherited genetic disorders.  Sometimes the cause of Nephrogenic DI is never discovered.  Treatment : low-salt diet to reduce the amount of urine produced by the kidneys and diuretic called Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ).  Prevention: Any known way.

7. Dipsogenic DI  Uncommon type of DI  Results in an abnormal increase in thirst and fluid intake that suppresses ADH secretion and increases urine output.  Cause: defect in or damage to the thirst mechanism, which is located in the hypothalamus.  Treatment: no known long-term treatment.  Can’t use drugs prescribed to the other types of DI because they may decrease urine output but not the patient's thirst and fluid intake. At water intoxication can happen, reducing the concentration of sodium in the blood. It can seriously damage the patient's.  Prevention: Any known way

8. Gestational DI  Occurs only during pregnancy  Results when an enzyme made by the placenta destroys ADH in the mother.  Treatment: Demopressin.  Prevention: Any known way.

9. Symptoms and Signs Normal person - 2.6 quarts (about 2.5 liters) of urine Diabetes insipidus - 16 quarts (about 15 liters) of urine Extreme thirst Excretion of an excessive amount of diluted urine

10. Diagnoses ( tests and exams)  Laboratory examination urine.  Laboratory blood examination.  Miller-Moses, the water deprivation test.  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

11. Prognosis Health adults :  Low rates of death  Patients usually have normal lives, as long there is water available People with other illnesses, children and the elderly :  Dehydration  High levels of sodium in the blood  Fever  Cardiovascular collapse  Eventual death Pregnant woman :  Risk of preeclampsia and other complications of pregnancy.  Should follow carefully the doctor’s recommendation.

12. Prognosis  Be mindful of the importance of balancing salt and water intake.  Extra precautions against dehydration in hot weather.  Treat vomiting or diarrhea promptly when traveling.  Carry a medical alert card or wear a medical alert bracelet.