1. Advanced Evaluation Techniques Regarding Combustible Dust Inspections for “Combustible Dust” and their contributory conditions are mostly “VISUAL”. “Advanced” equipment evaluations are non- mandatory, BUT are highly effective from a Risk Minimization Perspective.

2. Basis of IR Thermographic Imagery (TI) Thermographic Imagery (TI) is an evaluation technique that takes advantage of the physical properties of matter…. To understand this, you need a BRIEF REVIEW about the fundamentals of PHYSICS...

3. In the INFRARED Universe, all things GREAT and small are equal!

4. What’s the Basis of This Equality? ALL matter is made up of ATOMS, MOLECULES, as a singularity or in and groups of them! Non-LIVING MATTER: Atoms → Compounds, or Pure Elements → Separately, or with others. “LIVING” MATTER: Atoms → Compounds → Simple celled organelles → Cells → Tissues → Organs→ Whole Body. But there’s a COMMONALITY… BOTH types of matter EMIT Infrared Radiation (IR). Their IR “fingerprints” can be quantified!

5. Question – What EXACTLY is Infrared Radiation? Answer – Wave-like Energy (radiation) from the Non-Ionizing Part of The ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM!

6. Question – WHEN is Infrared Radiation (IR) NOT emitted? Answer - Anytime Matter is at ABSOLUTE ZERO (- 460 *F)

7. How Far Does One Have To Go To “Experience” Absolute “0”? Neptune, The FARTHEST Planet from our Sun in our solar system.. 4.5 BILLION Miles away, and -346 *F!

8. “Temperature”, and Emitted IR, are all Relative! The relationship between Neptune and Absolute “0” is: -346*F compared to -460*F Comparatively, Neptune would be like A Day at a Tropical Beach! (at 114 *F) Neptune is COLD at -346 *F!

9. Question – Can Infrared Radiation be seen? Our EYES and BRAINS are NOT “tuned” to detect and interpret IR radiation. As a direct result, we have to use an IR camera to “capture” it. A TI Imager captures and measures IR radiation (energy) and interprets it using “color” so we can understand it. Results are relative to surroundings and other objects, and temperature scaled relative to “absolute zero”. Answer – NO, unless we use a TI (an IR Camera)

10. Thermographic Imager (TI) Data Evaluation Primer – An Example TI in general can be used to detect the IR “fingerprint” of EVERY OBJECT that exists. Data quality depends on Focus, Reflectance, and Emissivity. Understanding these factors characterizes the true condition of the object of interest. Fortunately, painted metal objects and living matter (organisms) result in GREAT images and data!

11. The TI CAMERA – Handle It!

12. What are the Benefits of Thermographic Imagery (ATI)? 1-Detects INFRARED RADIATION in our industrial environment. 2-Allows Non-Destructive Image Analysis in “Real Time”. 3-Shows Equipment “Anomalies” that are direct indicators of “Combustible Dust” conditions to avoid. 4-Creates and records an image based DATA ARCHIVE, and its temperature record.

13. SPECIFIC TI APPLICATIONS Relating to “Combustible Dust” TI detects heat differences that MAY relate to AIR LEAKS from ductwork containing wood dust. AIR LEAKS = Potential sources of dust escape & buildup. TI directly approximates EQUIPMENT TEMPERATURE. EQUIPMENT TEMPERATURE = Ignition source identification that may be at or approaching the auto-ignition temperature of wood dust! (more on this later)

14. 7 - Practical TI Applications in Timber Products Manufacturing Let’s See Some Images!

15. A Typical 120 Volt Electrical (e- Outlet)…

16. A “Wood Parts” Conveyor Belt with a Heated Surface Near a Bearing (left side)… SPECIAL NOTE: Temperature is IMPORTANT when it approaches the AUTO- IGNITION Point! SeeMSDS for Wood Dust.pdf the AUTO-IGNITION Temperature for Wood →MSDS for Wood Dust.pdfAUTO-IGNITION

17. TYPICAL CYCLONE EXHAUST in VISUAL in INFRARED

18. TYPICAL e-DISCONNECTS – Example #1 In VISUALIn INFRARED

19. LOCAL e- DISCONNECTS - Example #2 In VISUALIn INFRARED

20. METAL HALIDE CEILING LIGHT In VISUALIn INFRARED HOW HOT Would This Lamp Get IF it Were a HALOGEN LAMP? Find Out →Find Out → Are Metal Halide Lamps Still a Problem? Problem Find out→

21. TYPICAL BELT & PULLEY at 480 VOLT DRIVE MOTOR In VISUALIn INFRARED

22. EQUIPMENT ANALYSIS (CONVEYOR BELT) for DETECTION of HEAT BUILD-UP Conveyor belt at left end has a HOT bearing – possible problem Metal roller and conveyor belt is HOT due to friction.