1. PROKARYOTE Bacteria

2. Two Types Eubacteria  Live in many places  Cell wall protects and gives shape  Peptidoglycan Archaebateria  No peptidoglycan  DNA differs from eubacteria  May come from eukaryotes  Live in extreme environments

3. Prokaryotes Shapes Bacilli – Rod shape Cocci : spherical Spirilla: Spiral or corkscrew

4. Prefixes-naming a. diplo- 2 b. staphylo-cluster c. strepto-twisted chain

5. Movement Some do not move Flagella : whip-like structure Spiral forward Move on slimy material they make

6. Energy Use: Metabolism Heterotrophs get energy from eating other organisms  Chemoheterotrophs: energy and carbon  Animals, humans  Photoheterotrophs: use light and organic compounds for carbon Autotrophs: self feeder  Chemoautotroph: make carbon from CO2 and don’t need light  Photoautotroph: make carbon and need light (photosynthesis)

7. Energy in Bacteria Released by: Cellular Respiration (aerobic) Fermentation (anaerobic) Some bacteria can switch between O 2 and no O 2

8. Reproduction VERY FAST Food and waste products limit this rate 1. Make a copy, binary fission, divides in half, asexual 2. Exchange genetic information, conjugation 1. Causes diversity and bacteria can change 3. Make endospore, stay dormant and wait for right conditions: spore formation

9. Bacteria Cause Disease By: Invading host Reproducing Produce toxins which disrupt normal function

10. Benefits Decomposers Symbiotic Bacteria  ex. bacteria in mouth  mutualism ex. intestines vinegar, cheese, yogurt Antibiotics  90%bacteria and fungi (ex. Penicillum) are natural  Some are synthetic  May become resistant over time  mutations, genetic changes

11. Summarize Bacteria Notes Page 472 Figure 19-2 Draw and label in color