1. The Arab spring Causes & Effects Dr. Akram Khater North Carolina State University June 2012

2. What is It? A new generation seeking a better life, freedom and justice

3. Where is It?

4. Why We Missed It? Popular Culture and Arabs

5. Why We Missed It? – Part 2 US Foreign Policy: Between Radical Islamists and Brutal Allies

6. Causes of the Uprisings Demographics Failure and de-legitimization of the State Globalization

7. Demographics Youth in the Middle East and North Africa make up, on average, 50% of the population

8. Educational Crisis Overcrowded Classrooms Underfunded Schools Underpaid Teachers

9. Unemployment UN World Population Horizons: 2004 Census

10. “Hayt-iste,” or the Unemployed Poverty and Social Malaise Absence of Government Institutions Lack of Infrastructure Lack of Social Services and Green Spaces Imagined as dysfunctional

11. Political Repression

12. Conflicting Choices Islamist Current Neo-Liberalism The Facebook Generation

13. Islamists: From moderate to militant

14. Neo-Liberalism

15. The Facebook Generation: Between Islamists and Elites

16. Globalization A literate youth population

17. Globalization A connected youth population Between 2000 and 2009 internet user growth was 5863.9%

18. Globalization Twitter, facebook are tools; human rights and democracy are their ideals

19. NGO and Civil Society

20. Immediate Future Rise of Islamists ruling elites Secular Parties will gain strength as Islamists prove incapable of governance Diverse attitude toward Shari’a Attitudes toward women’s rights

21. Implications for US Policy Beyond the binaries of Good and Bad Arab New Rules of Engagement - limits of military power Rapprochement of Rhetoric and Action Palestine/Israel Democracy and “Allies” Beyond Oil