1. WWW.DCBNET.COM Optimizing SCADA Network Communications: An Overview of Metropolitan Wide SCADA Communications Options by John McCain and Russ Straayer

2. WWW.DCBNET.COM The Legacy Approach 2 and 4 wire phones lines, 1200 bps VHF and UHF radios Point-to-Point Microwave These Were Typically… –Homogeneous –Well Understood –User-Controlled

3. WWW.DCBNET.COM Today’s World Open Standards Many Possible Solutions Simple to Complex Economical to Expensive Wired, Wireless, Public, Private

4. WWW.DCBNET.COM Wire Line Methods Analog Point to Point Modems Analog Multipoint Modems DDS Frame Relay Point-to-Point and Mesh Networks ATM T1 and Higher

5. WWW.DCBNET.COM Fiber SONET or Fiber Ring Fiber Ethernet New! Fiber Modem

6. WWW.DCBNET.COM Wireless Wireless Common Carrier Networks VHF and UHF Point-to-Point and Multi- Point ISM Band License Free –900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz Point-to-Point Licensed Microwave

7. WWW.DCBNET.COM Analog Modems Point-to-Point to 19.2 Kbps (Private Wire) Multi-Point to 9.6 Kbps Hard to purchase, not always available The base line for comparison

8. WWW.DCBNET.COM DDS 56/64 Kbps Point-to-Point or Multi-Point (56) Digital May be used with T-1 access line at host Not always available

9. WWW.DCBNET.COM Frame Relay Packet Switched Network Bandwidth available in small increments Not always available ECONOMICAL for longer distances “Automatic” Redundancy

10. WWW.DCBNET.COM ATM High Speed Expensive Not usually appropriate for SCADA

11. WWW.DCBNET.COM T1 and Higher T1, T3, OC-3, etc. More bandwidth than normally needed Minimum speed for “useful” Ethernet May be expensive

12. WWW.DCBNET.COM Fiber & SONET High cost High bandwidth Expertise Complexity

13. WWW.DCBNET.COM Fiber Modem Economical addition when adding fiber for other uses Low cost termination for RS-232 equipment Lower speed option for fiber

14. WWW.DCBNET.COM Fiber Ethernet Uses standard Ethernet equipment for small networks Lower cost than SONET 10/100 Mbps

15. WWW.DCBNET.COM VHF and UHF Radio Privately Owned and Maintained Lower speeds (19.2 Kbps or less) New frequencies hard to obtain ISM band equipment often has higher bandwidth and easier implementation

16. WWW.DCBNET.COM Wireless Common-Carrier Networks CDPD pay-per-byte Satellite delivery Wireless Internet Missing Coverage Areas Cost May be used to fill in “holes”

17. WWW.DCBNET.COM ISM Band Radio 9.6 Kbps to 100 Mbps (claimed:-) 900 Mhz, 2.4 Ghz, 5.8 Ghz Serial or Ethernet interfaces Insecure frequencies Range from several to 100 Miles+ Too Many Unrealistic Vendor Claims!!

18. WWW.DCBNET.COM Point-to-Point Microwave Licensed, secure May be expensive Always Point-to-Point High Bandwidth

19. WWW.DCBNET.COM The Organization Office WAN Lay the cost on someone else! Being forced upon SCADA users Not Deterministic Not SCADA-Reliable, No Accountability Be Careful Here

20. WWW.DCBNET.COM What to Do…. Start with a Needs Analysis –Analyze for total life cycle cost –Determine actual bandwidth requirements –Examine in-house expertise –Get to know your vendors….well –What growth requirements are there –Physical and geographic criteria? Consider a “MIXED” system!

21. WWW.DCBNET.COM Conclusion A successful SCADA WAN network is usually a compromise between reliability, cost, bandwidth, and flexibility. Today, more than ever, SCADA operators must economize while still providing the necessary control and data acquisition functions with increased reliability. Most SCADA networks contain a technology mixture that grew in complexity over the years. Insure that your analysis allows for even more growth in the future as well as flexibility and reliability.

22. WWW.DCBNET.COM For More Information WWW.ScadaCommunications.COM WWW.DCBNET.COM Our Booth at PowerGen

23. WWW.DCBNET.COM Point to Point Example Frame Relay

24. WWW.DCBNET.COM Point to Multipoint Example Frame Relay

25. WWW.DCBNET.COM Multiple Redundant Hosts Frame Relay

26. WWW.DCBNET.COM Scada F/R with Ethernet Access, Remote Management 56 kbps T-1 Frame Relay-1 DCB SR DATA MULTIPLEXER SR-BPF-01/DSU SR-BPF-04 DCB SR DATA MULTIPLEXER SR-BPF-01/DSU DigiCHANNEL AC DigiCHANNEL AC Athena Frame Switch Host Computer SR-BPF-04 Host Computer RTU 1-250 Remote RTUs Primary Host Site Backup Host Site DCB T1 DSU DCB T1 DSU LAN Etherpath DCB ACCESS SWITCH Access Switch DCB ACCESS SWITCH Access Switch LAN To Management Ports I/O Device Multiple Units I/O Device

27. WWW.DCBNET.COM SCADA with F/R, Voice, Ethernet, Backup Links

28. WWW.DCBNET.COM SCADA Via Ethernet

29. WWW.DCBNET.COM SCADA Via Frame Relay

30. WWW.DCBNET.COM Scada via Frame Relay with Redundant Host Site

31. WWW.DCBNET.COM Legacy (Conitel) Protocol Via Frame Relay

32. WWW.DCBNET.COM SCADA Via Routed Ethernet

33. WWW.DCBNET.COM Scada Via F/R with Modem or Radio Backup using ASU-BU 6/21/01 Russ Straayer

34. WWW.DCBNET.COM BPF Frame Relay Solution 1 or 4 ports Async ports 300 bps to 57600 bps Composite speeds to 128 kbps Async protocol transparent Fast data propagation Easy to configure

35. WWW.DCBNET.COM 1 and 4 Ports Units Multiple polling systems, one line 40 DLCI’s per port Support multiple or redundant RTU’s

36. WWW.DCBNET.COM Multiple Speeds Not all systems run the same speed Different speeds at each end of the line Mix systems over the same phone lines Mix polling and non-polling applications

37. WWW.DCBNET.COM Fast Composite Faster data propagation Matches vendor offerings

38. WWW.DCBNET.COM Protocol Transparent Setup is much more simple More general purpose More future proof

39. WWW.DCBNET.COM Fast Propagation Times 50 to 100 ms Comparable to modems Less than host timeouts

40. WWW.DCBNET.COM Easy Configuration AT YOUR COMMAND >> SM SHOW MAP ------------------------------- PORT DLCI ASSIGNMENTS [Total 1:3, 2:3, 3:3, 4:3] ---- ------------------------------------------------- -------------- 1 16 17 18 2 16 17 18 3 16 17 18 4 16 17 18

41. WWW.DCBNET.COM Other DCB SCADA Solutions EtherPoll 202T Modems Fast Poll Modems SCADA Point to Point Multiplexer SCADA Point to Multipoint Multiplexer