1. IBM Software Group ® Recommending Materialized Views and Indexes with the IBM DB2 Design Advisor (Automating Physical Database Design) Jarek Gryz

2. IBM Software Group | DB2 Information Management Software Agenda  Motivation  Indexes in DB2  Materialized query tables in DB2  Problem definition  How does the DB2 Design Advisor tool work ?  Experiments

3. IBM Software Group | DB2 Information Management Software Motivation

4. IBM Software Group | DB2 Information Management Software Why have an index?  Performance, Performance, Performance  Provides order  for example : Joins, GROUP BY, ORDER BY, DISTINCT  Limits I/O and data retrieved due to filtering with predicates  Range of values (start/stop keys)  Join predicates  Provides index-only access  Enforces uniqueness or other constraints  Provides statistics useful to the optimizer for cardinality estimation  for example: statistics on number of keys

5. IBM Software Group | DB2 Information Management Software Why have Materialized query tables ?  The MQT feature is a powerful feature in DB2 that allows you to precompute and materialize a query result into a table  Full refresh or incremental refresh possible  Subsequently it allows similar queries to automatically use the precomputed data from the MQT to improve performance

6. IBM Software Group | DB2 Information Management Software Problem Definition  Given:  Workload information  System configuration  Database characteristics  Determine:  An Index and MQT set that will lead to good workload performance in a reasonable or specified maximum time considering disk space and maintenance constraints and be easy to use

7. IBM Software Group | DB2 Information Management Software The DB2 Design Advisor  Automatically capture :  A representative query workload (potentially compressing it to reduce its size)  The existing database characteristics and environment  System information  Determines:  An Index and MQT set that will lead to good ESTIMATED workload response time Using DB2's Query Rewriter/Optimizer to suggest candidates Using DB2's Optimizer to provide cost / benefit information Using a combinatorial algorithm to perform a cost-benefit analysis observing constraints of (1) advisor execution time, (2) disk space and (3) anticipated DB2 costs of creating the entities plus overhead during INSERT / UPDATE / DELETE activity. Using sampled or estimated statistics of new entities Providing both GUI and command line options for initiating

8. IBM Software Group | DB2 Information Management Software Issues in automating physical DB design selection  When to initiate the design algorithm?  Health monitor with health indicators such as number of sort overflows to initiate the advisor  What data to use to make the decision?  Automatically capture workload, DB, and system information  Allow work on real data or just statistics  How to make the decision?  Method to be described  How are the recommendations implemented?  Little user interaction to ask if or when to initiate to gain DBA trust  Online methods to reduce implementation cost E.g., online index creation

9. IBM Software Group | DB2 Information Management Software The various steps within the Advisor

10. IBM Software Group | DB2 Information Management Software Index candidate generation  During optimization generate virtual candidates when:  Predicate exists but no index (e.g., R.A > 5 or R.A=S.B)  Ordering required  Uniqueness required  Winning candidates are the virtuals in the final optimized query plan  Provides candidates we know the optimizer will use

11. IBM Software Group | DB2 Information Management Software MQT Candidate Generation  Candidates are generated from original queries, logical views and common expressions which are formed by matching multiple queries.  Uses multiquery optimization (MQO)  Provides candidates we know the queries will use  Candidates can contain table references in a federated DB (tables on different servers)

12. IBM Software Group | DB2 Information Management Software Combinatorial search algorithm  The search phase uses a knapsack algorithm and random swap method to choose the recommended index and MQT set  Requires each candidate to have a cost-benefit ratio (cbratio)  Benefit based on estimated cost with and without MQT usage (updates have negative benefit)  Cost based on disk space usage  REFRESH DEFERRED or IMMEDIATE MQTs recommended.  Assumption (DEFERRED): estimated time for population = full refresh cost one refresh cost included in the calculation  IMMEDIATE changes added in plans for insert/update/deletes  If indexes on candidate MQT are selected, then the MQT must be selected as well

13. IBM Software Group | DB2 Information Management Software Experiments  Detect what MQO candidates adds to performance improvement  OLAP DB and workload  Workload estimated execution time (WET) Type of MQT SelectionWET without MQTsWET with MQTs% diff in WETsNum. of MQTs MQTs from queries 493.7 seconds353.0 seconds28.5%7 MQTs from MQO 493.7 seconds352.0 seconds28.4%4

14. IBM Software Group | DB2 Information Management Software MOLAP Experiments  16 dimensions and 8 measures  Use Medium and no workload compression  Demonstrates advisor scalability  Less queries means faster advisor

15. IBM Software Group | DB2 Information Management Software Self-optimizing Self- configuring Self-healing Autonomic capabilities in DB2 Stinger Configuration Advisor Design Advisor Health Monitor Recommendation Advisor Automatic page write integrity checking Automatic index reorganization Recovery Expert Fault Monitor Backup Self-tuning Automated HADR DB2/Websphere Integration log and trace analyzer Query compiler query rewrite cost based optimization Automatic query parallelism degree Self-configuring/optimizing utilities Adaptive utility throttling Runstats Performance Expert Query patroller workload manager Self-tuning load advises: Indexes, MDCs, MQTs, Partitioning Automated Table Maintenance Runstats Reorg Statistics profiling

16. IBM Software Group | DB2 Information Management Software

17. BACKUP SLIDES

18. IBM Software Group | DB2 Information Management Software Example Internal Rewrite using an MQT

19. IBM Software Group | DB2 Information Management Software Setting up objects for creation  List and modify recommended indexes and MQTs  Shows workload performance improvement  Shows storage requirements for all indexes and MQTs

20. IBM Software Group | DB2 Information Management Software Reviewing Unused Objects  This page is given to supply users information on what existing MQTs and indexes are not chosen by the query plans  Two Reasons:  They were not useful before our recommendations  Their use was overridden by the recommended objects

21. IBM Software Group | DB2 Information Management Software Scheduling the Creation Task  Allows users to perform object creation at any time they prefer  Allow some user intervention to build DBA trust