1. RELATIVE CLAUSES (TOP MARKS UNIT 5, P 58. 122 )
Burlington Books

2. RELATIVE CLAUSES. A.- DEFINITION.
a relative clause contains essential or extra information about people or things.
B.- RELATIVE PRONOUNS.
whose, which, who, when, where, that
C.- TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSES.
- DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES:
ex: Japan is a country where earthquakes are very common.
- NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES:
ex: Elephants, which are very heavy, can live for many years.

3. RELATIVE CLAUSES.
B.- RELATIVE PRONOUNS.
whose, which, who, when, where, that
We use WHERE to refer to places.
ex: Sri Lanka is a place where people like to go on holiday.
We use THAT / WHO to refer to people / pets.
ex: I remembered all the things that my yoga training had taught me.
We use WHEN to refer to time.
ex: I´ll always remember the morning when it happened.
We use WHOSE to refer to possesion.
ex: The tsunami, whose effects were terrible, will never be forgotten.
We use THAT / WHICH to refer to things.
ex: the wave, which was over a metre high, came out of nowhere.

4. uses examples C.- TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSES.
1.- DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES:
contain essential information about people or things.
Relative pronouns: who, which, that, whose, can be omitted if they are
not subject of the sentence.
“When” refers to time, “that” can be used, or can be omitted.
“Where” refers to place, it never can be omitted or place by “that”.
uses
examples
WHO / THAT refer to people
I talked to a man who / that survived the earthquake
WHICH / THAT refer to objects
The medicines which / that we´re using are from the Red Cross
WHEN refers to a moment in time
It was in 2005 when Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans.
WHERE refers to a particular place
Japan is a country where earthquakes are very common.
WHOSE refers to possesion
He´s the boy whose mother saved many people´s lives.

5. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES.
When the subject can be omitted?: who , which, that, whose,
can be omitted when they are not the subject of the sentence.
Ex: He is the doctor (who) I saw on TV
subject of the sentence
Ex: I talked to a man who survived the earthquake.
subject

6. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES.
preposition + relative: the relative is omitted, and the preposition comes
at the end of the sentence.
Ex: I saw the car crash everyone is talking about.
(Vi el accidente de tráfico del que habla todo el mundo)
Ex: Animal behaviour is a topic scientists are interested in.
( El comportamiento animal es un tema en el que se interesan los
científicos)

7. uses examples C.- TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSES.
1.- NON- DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES:
Contain extra-information about people a things.
who, which, whose, when, where, and the relative can´t be omitted.
They go between commas.
uses
examples
THAT can not replace WHO or WHICH
My brother, who lives in San Francisco, isn´t afraid of earthquakes.
Elephants, which are very heavy, can live for many years