1. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system

2. Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
-the ability of the
muscle to shorten
reducing distance
between parts of
its contents
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

3. Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Myoneural stimulation +
contraction of muscle proteins =
movement and heat
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

4. Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Neurotransmitter at site of muscle stimulus.
The sodium-potassium pump of the membrane of a muscle cell.
The purpose of this slide is to illustrate the complexity of the process of movement.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

5. Characteristics of Muscles
Excitability-ability to respond to a
stimulus (similar to nerve tissue)
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

6. Characteristics of Muscles
Extensibility-ability of muscles to be
stretched
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

7. Characteristics of Muscles
Elasticity-ability of a muscle to
return to its original
length after stretching
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

8. Characteristics of Muscles
Contractibility
Excitability
Extensibility
Elasticity
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

9. Muscle Tone Discuss muscle tone. Atrophy: a- ________ -trophy ________
Hypertrophy:
hyper- _______ -trophy ________
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system * *

10. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Muscle Tone
John just got a cast off his leg. His calf muscle on the affected leg is 1” smaller in diameter than his other calf muscle.
What happened?
How do you explain this to him?
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

11. Muscle Tone Exercise & Training
What are the advantages of exercise?
Are there any disadvantages of exercise?
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

12. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Muscle Fatigue
Discuss muscle fatigue:
What causes muscle fatigue?
How does the body correct muscle fatigue?
Is muscle fatigue dangerous? Why / why not?
Discuss aerobic and anaerobic exercise.
Give examples of each.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

13. Functions of the Muscular System
What are the functions of the muscular system?
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

14. Movement: Skeletal Muscle
Receptors in muscles provide the brain with information about body position and movement.
The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

15. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Movement
Discuss the mechanism of skeletal muscle movement to include:
Point of origin
Point of insertion
Identify the:
Prime mover
Antagonist
Synergists
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

16. Movement: Digestive System
The nervous system regulates the speed at which food moves through the digestive tract.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

17. Movement: Circulatory System Heartbeat
The nervous system and hormones regulate the speed at which the heart beats.
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

18. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Posture
How does the muscular system effect posture?
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

19. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Body Heat
What is the body’s response to cold? Why?
How is this response helpful?
How does the body respond to exercise? Why?
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

20. Myo- Muscle -pathy- Disease
Myopathy
Myo- Muscle
-pathy- Disease
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

21. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Fibromyalgia
Discuss the pictures and how they relate to fibromyalgia.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

22. Fibromyalgia
Description: widespread muscle and joint pain and fatigue.
Symptoms: abdominal pains, chronic headaches, dryness of nose,eyes, and mouth.
Etiology: there is no clear cause, but some researchers have speculated that lower levels of brain neurotransmitter called serotonin leads to lower pain thresholds or an increased sensitivity to pain.
treated: it’s treated with medication to ease the pain, fatigue, sleep problem, anxiety and depression.
outcome: if its not treated it could lead to depression and changes in the brains chemistry, also the nervous system will release a substance that can cause more sensitivity to pain that can result to a chronic pain to the person.
By: Blake Smith & mandrell propst -

23. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Hernia
Discuss hernias.
Causes
Locations
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

24. Hernia
Diagnosis- occurs when an organ protrudes through a weak muscle. Some protrude through the abdominal wall, and others in the inguinal area
Symptoms-
bulge in groin or scrotum
groin discomfort or pain
nausea, vomiting
swelling, heaviness, or burning sensatiom
Etiology-
an opening in passage from the inguinal canal that should have closed before birth but does not
wear and tear by age
Treatment-
surgery
Prognosis-
can get worse
can lead to death if serious and not treated

25. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Muscle Spasms
Causes: overuse of the muscle, dehydration, poor blood circulation
Locations:front and back of thigh, and your feet
Symptoms: muscle tightens, hadrens, and is extremely painful
Diagnosis: sustained contraction of the muscle
Treatment: massaging, stretching, icing and heating the muscle, eat more foods high in vitamins, magnesium, and calcium
Prognosis:eventually goes away on its own
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

26. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Muscular Dystrophy
Discuss the picture and how it relates to muscular dystrophy.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

27. Duchennes Muscular Dystrophy
Description- MD is a group of diseases in which muscle cells deteriorate and die.
How it is diagnosed- Diagnosed by general muscle weakness, trouble swallowing/breathing, inability to walk.
Symptoms- Begin to show in childhood, usually in boys, trouble breathing or swallowing, generalized muscle weakness that progresses.
How it is caused- Duchennes is caused by a genetic defect.
How it is treated- It is treated by a combination of physical therapy, drug therapy, & respiratory therapy.
Outcome- Wheelchair, or will need to a respirator to be able to breathe.

28. Myasthenia Gravis
Cause: Autoimmune disease, occurs when the connection between the nerves and muscles is lost.
Symptoms: Muscle weakness, usually starts around the eyes, double- vision, fatigue.
Treatment: Rest, if necessary removal of the thymus gland.
Prognosis: May have a long term disappearance, medicine indefinitely. *

29. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Strain
What happened here?
What symptoms is this man having? Why?
How will he treat them?
What is his prognosis?
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

30. Strain Diagnosis- overstretching or tear of the muscle.
symptoms- soreness, pain, and tenderness. in extreme cases, bleeding may occur
treatment- R.I.C.E.
Prognosis- If follow treatment, you will fully recover.

31. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Tendonitis
Discuss the pictures and how they relate to tendonitis.
Cause
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prognosis
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *

32. Tendonitis
Diagnoses- Inflammation, irritation, and swelling of a tendon.
Symptoms- Stiffness, swelling, tenderness, and weakness.
Cause- The disease can occur from a sudden intense injury; could result from a repeated, minor injury of that tendon.
Treatment- RICE: Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate.
Prognosis- Therapy and maybe loss of function; depends on cause or how severe.

33. 1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system
Tetanus
Cause- Bacterial infection creates a toxin
Symptoms- spasms and seizures (mainly in jaw), stiffness of neck and abs
Diagnosis- A bacterial disease that affects nervous system
Treatment- No cure. medicine to ease symptoms
Prognosis- Death
1.05 Understand the functions and disorders of the muscular system *