1. 7.3 The Age of Jackson
11/15/2013
Mr. Manelski
CPUSH

2. OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES:
IDENTIFY the events and factors that contributed to Andrew Jackson’s rise to power.
DESCRIBE Andrew Jackson’s political beliefs.
EXAMINE how Jackson’s presidency expanded democracy and egalitarianism, but not to all Americans.

3. The Era of Good Feelings- Really?
Election of 1816: Republicans crush Federalists, 183 to 34 (see election.org)
James Monroe is 5th President of the United States
Monroe is the ambassador of Nationalism
Monroe’s administration was called the “Era of Good Feelings”
WHY?
ANSWER: With no Federalists, the US seemed united

5. The Election of 1824: A Corrupt Bargain?
Andrew Jackson wins popular vote
38%
Running against John Quincy Adams, William Crawford, and Henry Clay
Jackson and Adams tie in the Electoral College
Clay comes in last and drops out
Crawford has a stroke and drops out
Clay is also the Speaker of the House
Why is this important?
* Remember in the case of a tie Congress votes and decides the election

7. “The Corrupt Bargain”
The Facts of the Case:

8. “The Corrupt Bargain” THE FACTS OF THE CASE: Election of 1824
Andrew Jackson wins popular vote
Jackson and John Quincy Adams tie for electoral vote
Henry Clay, Speaker of the House, to decide the tie
Clay meets with Adams privately
Clay gives Adams the Presidency
Adams makes Clay Secretary of State

9. The Administration of John Quincy Adams
The undiplomatic diplomat, the apolitical politician
First “minority president”
Refused to remove officeholders or use patronage
Urged nationalistic endeavors on Congress
Increasingly out of step with growing sectionalism
Viewed positively by history, not so in his day

10. Jackson Wins in 1828 Democratic-Republicans (Jackson) divorces from
Nationalistic-Republicans (Adams)
“Shall the people rule?”- expansion of suffrage
Jackson runs as a “reform” candidate
Mudslinging, personal attacks on J.Q. Adams
Jackson wins 178 to 83, wins West and South
Shift of power, East to West, Elite to Common Man

12. Data Visualizations
Following the Frontier Line

13. The Jackson Administration
Individualism, Opportunism, Versatility, Populism
Orphaned & Uneducated
Became Judge and Congressman for Tennessee
“Old Hickory” to his troops
1st President from West, 2nd w/o College Degree
Suspicious of Clay’s American System
Frequently uses veto power, “King Andrew”

14. First Inaugural Address of Andrew Jackson WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 1829
(Excerpt) The recent demonstration of public sentiment inscribes on the list of Executive duties, in characters too legible to be overlooked, the task of reform, which will require particularly the correction of those abuses that have brought the patronage of the Federal Government into conflict with the freedom of elections, and the counteraction of those causes which have disturbed the rightful course of appointment and have placed or continued power in unfaithful or incompetent hands.
In the performance of a task thus generally delineated I shall endeavor to select men whose diligence and talents will insure in their respective stations able and faithful cooperation, depending for the advancement of the public service more on the integrity and zeal of the public officers than on their numbers.

15. “Spoils System”
Large #’s of Jackson supporters rewarded with federal jobs, “rotation in office”
Removes 10% of officeholders
Party membership vs. Merit &Service
Increased corruption: “Kitchen Cabinet,”
Increased power of party machines

16. In your opinion, was Jackson himself was a man “of the people”?
(HINT: look at “Key Player” pg. 211)
How did the Election 1824 shape Jackson’s political beliefs & his “spoils system?”

17. Nullification Crisis Tariff of 1816 increased twice: 1824 & 1828
John C. Calhoun – “The Tariff of Abominations” 1828
The South Carolina Exposition
States had the right to nullify or ignore federal laws they don’t agree with
Should be able to leave union if they can’t
Calhoun saw it as majority trampling on the minority- New England getting rich at the expensive of the South

18. John C. Calhoun- Jackson’s Vice President

19. Hayne and Webster Debates
When: January 1830
Who: Robert Hayne of SC and Daniel Webster of MA
What: Debated role of Federal Gov & States Rights
Where: US Senate
Why: Showed the increased sectionalism. Haynes believed that states had the right to follow the laws they wanted to or leave Union. Webster was for Union / Nationalism.
Jackson weighs in- “Our Union- It must be preserved”
Calhoun and Jackson never work together again

20. Daniel Webster on the Senate floor
Webster- Haynes Debate

21. Tariff of 1832 Congress Passes another Tariff in 1832
South Carolina declares?
Tariff unconstitutional
“null, void, and no law”
Threatened to secede, or leave union
How does Jackson react?
Takes personal offense to it
Threatens to send federal troops into South Carolina, hang Calhoun
Congress passes Force Bill
Authorized federal gov to use military against SC
Henry Clay steps in and arranges compromise between all groups

22. Videos
Nullification Video
Nullification Video 2 Start at 1:40