1. WHAT CAUSES CLASTIC PARTICLES IN WATER TO MOVE?

2. START WITH WHAT WE KNOW: Surface waters occur in channels (rivers) or during overland flow. In either case we can imagine them to be really “wet” slopes.

3. WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE?

4. FORCERESISTANCE

5. WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE? FORCERESISTANCE Mass Sin (slope)

6. WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE? FORCERESISTANCE Mass Sin (slope) Normal Stress (Mass. Cos (Slope)) Friction Cohesion

7. WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE? FORCERESISTANCE Mass Sin (slope) Normal Stress (Mass. Cos (Slope)) Friction Cohesion 2 - 5°

8. WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE? FORCERESISTANCE Mass Sin (slope) ~ 0 Normal Stress (Mass. Cos (Slope)) Friction Cohesion 2 - 5° (Mass. ~ 1)

9. WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE? FORCERESISTANCE Mass Sin (slope) ~ 0 Friction Cohesion 2 - 5° Mass

10. WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE? FORCERESISTANCE Mass Sin (slope) ~ 0 Friction Cohesion 2 - 5° Mass BUT PARTICLES DO MOVE IN RIVERS, SO WHAT FORCE HAVE WE MISSED?

11. WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE? FORCERESISTANCE Velocity of water. Kinetic energy produced as water moves down slope from higher on slope (more potential energy) to lower on slope (less potential energy). Friction Cohesion 2 - 5° Mass

12. WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE? FORCERESISTANCE Velocity of water. 2 - 5° Mass

13. FORCE RESISTANCE HJULSTRÖM’S DIAGRAM

14. Velocity FORCE RESISTANCE HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM

15. Weight Velocity FORCE RESISTANCE HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM I. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY

16. Weight Velocity Grain Size HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM I. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY

17. Weight Velocity Grain Size ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM I. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY

18. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles Small size provides little resistance. HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM I. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY

19. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles Needs small force, (velocity) to overcome resistance V* clay HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM I. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY

20. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles V* clay HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM I. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY

21. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles V* clay V* silt HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM I. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY

22. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles V* clay V* silt V* sand HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM I. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY

23. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles V* clay V* silt V* sand V* grav. HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM I. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY

24. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles V* clay V* silt V* sand V* grav. V* pebb. HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM I. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY

25. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles FORCES > RESISTANCES MOTION RESISTANCES > FORCES NO MOTION HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM I. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY

26. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles RESISTANCES > FORCES NO MOTION FORCES > RESISTANCES MOTION HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM I. WEIGHT AND VELOCITY

27. WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE? FORCERESISTANCE Velocity of water. 2 - 5° Mass Cohesion

28. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM II. {WEIGHT + COHESION} AND VELOCITY

29. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM II. {WEIGHT + COHESION} AND VELOCITY Cohesion

30. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM II. {WEIGHT + COHESION} AND VELOCITY Cohesion FORCES > RESISTANCES MOTION RESISTANCES > FORCES NO MOTION RESISTANCES > FORCES NO MOTION

31. WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE? FORCERESISTANCE Velocity of water. 2 - 5° Mass Cohesion Friction

32. WILL PARTICLE MOVE ON THIS SLOPE? FORCERESISTANCE Velocity of water. 2 - 5° Mass Cohesion Friction

33. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM III. {WEIGHT+COHESION+FRICTION} AND VELOCITY Cohesion RESISTANCES > FORCES NO MOTION RESISTANCES > FORCES NO MOTION FORCES > RESISTANCES MOTION TRANSITION

34. ONCE IN MOTION WILL PARTICLE CONTINUE TO MOVE IF VELOCITY DROPS? FORCERESISTANCE Velocity of water. 2 - 5° Mass Cohesion Friction HIGH VELOCITY BIG PARTICLES

35. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM Cohesion TRANSITION HIGH VELOCITY MOTION IV. TRANSPORTATION

36. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM Cohesion TRANSITION HIGH VELOCITY MOTION VELOCITY DECLINES IV. TRANSPORTATION

37. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM Cohesion TRANSITION HIGH VELOCITY MOTION VELOCITY DECLINES LOWER VELOCITY IV. TRANSPORTATION

38. ONCE IN MOTION WILL PARTICLE CONTINUE TO MOVE IF VELOCITY DROPS? FORCERESISTANCE Velocity of water. 2 - 5° Mass Cohesion Friction LOWER VELOCITY BIG PARTICLES

39. ONCE IN MOTION WILL PARTICLE CONTINUE TO MOVE IF VELOCITY DROPS? FORCERESISTANCE Velocity of water. 2 - 5° Mass Cohesion Friction LOWER VELOCITY BIG PARTICLES MASS CAUSES PARTICLE TO SINK TO BOTTOM – TO BE “DEPOSITED”.

40. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM IV. TRANSPORTATION Cohesion TRANSITION HIGH VELOCITY MOTION VELOCITY DECLINES LOWER VELOCITY DEPOSITION

41. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM IV. TRANSPORTATION Cohesion TRANSITION FORCES > RESISTANCES MOTION RESISTANCES > FORCES NO MOTION & DEPOSITION

42. ONCE IN MOTION WILL PARTICLE CONTINUE TO MOVE IF VELOCITY DROPS? FORCERESISTANCE Velocity of water. 2 - 5° Mass Cohesion Friction HIGH VELOCITY SMALL PARTICLES

43. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM IV. TRANSPORTATION Cohesion TRANSITION HIGH VELOCITY MOTION

44. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM Cohesion TRANSITION HIGH VELOCITY MOTION VELOCITY DECLINES IV. TRANSPORTATION

45. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM Cohesion TRANSITION HIGH VELOCITY MOTION VELOCITY DECLINES LOWER VELOCITY IV. TRANSPORTATION

46. ONCE IN MOTION WILL PARTICLE CONTINUE TO MOVE IF VELOCITY DROPS? FORCERESISTANCE Velocity of water. 2 - 5° Mass Cohesion Friction LOWER VELOCITY SMALL PARTICLES ONCE IN MOTION THERE IS NO COHESION OR FRICTION!

47. ONCE IN MOTION WILL PARTICLE CONTINUE TO MOVE IF VELOCITY DROPS? FORCERESISTANCE Velocity of water. 2 - 5° Mass Cohesion Friction LOWER VELOCITY SMALL PARTICLES MASS IS SO SMALL THAT PARTICLE CONTINUES TO BE “TRANSPORTED” AT LOW VELOCITY.

48. Weight Velocity ClaySiltSandGravelPebbles HJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM IV. TRANSPORTATION Cohesion TRANSITION FORCES > RESISTANCES MOTION & EROSION RESISTANCES > FORCES NO MOTION & DEPOSITION RESISTANCES > FORCES NO MOTION BUT TRANSPORT

50. THE LINK TO THE LAND-BASED PORTION OF THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE?

51. ClaySiltSandGravel Pebbles EROSION DEPOSITION TRANSPORT Velocity HYDROGRAPHHJULSTRÖM’S DIAGRAM Time Quantity of Streamflow

53. ClaySiltSandGravel Pebbles Velocity HYDROGRAPHHJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM Time Quantity of Streamflow

55. ClaySiltSandGravel Pebbles Velocity HYDROGRAPHHJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM Time Quantity of Streamflow

57. ClaySiltSandGravel Pebbles Velocity HYDROGRAPHHJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM Time Quantity of Streamflow

59. ClaySiltSandGravel Pebbles Velocity HYDROGRAPHHJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM Time Quantity of Streamflow

61. ClaySiltSandGravel Pebbles Velocity HYDROGRAPHHJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM Time Quantity of Streamflow

63. ClaySiltSandGravel Pebbles Velocity HYDROGRAPHHJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM Time Quantity of Streamflow

65. ClaySiltSandGravel Pebbles Velocity HYDROGRAPHHJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM Time Quantity of Streamflow

67. ClaySiltSandGravel Pebbles Velocity HYDROGRAPHHJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM Time Quantity of Streamflow

69. ClaySiltSandGravel Pebbles Velocity HYDROGRAPHHJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM Time Quantity of Streamflow

71. ClaySiltSandGravel Pebbles Velocity HYDROGRAPHHJULSTROM’S DIAGRAM Time Quantity of Streamflow