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Www.fishsciences.net Estimating the Capacity of the Klamath Basin to Rear Coho Technical Memorandum #5 Nicklaus K. Ackerman Thomas E. Nickelson Boedicea.

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Presentation on theme: "Www.fishsciences.net Estimating the Capacity of the Klamath Basin to Rear Coho Technical Memorandum #5 Nicklaus K. Ackerman Thomas E. Nickelson Boedicea."— Presentation transcript:

1 www.fishsciences.net Estimating the Capacity of the Klamath Basin to Rear Coho Technical Memorandum #5 Nicklaus K. Ackerman Thomas E. Nickelson Boedicea P. Fox Ron Sutton Steven P. Cramer

2 www.fishsciences.net Model Reaches

3 www.fishsciences.net HLFM Version 6.1 Habitat Limiting Factors Model

4 www.fishsciences.net Estimate parr and smolt capacity based on aquatic inventory data. Determine the life stage habitat that limits smolt production. Purpose of Model

5 www.fishsciences.net Seasonal Habitat Use

6 www.fishsciences.net

7 Winter Habitat Data Missing Winter parr/km = 0.19S + 14.51C + 10.47P -1, Where: W = winter parr/km. S = summer parr/km as estimated by HLFM. C = average active channel width of the reach (m). P = percent of stream area in alcoves and beaver ponds.

8 www.fishsciences.net Estimating Summer Parr Capacity EF Lobster Cr. 1988–92 Br. 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 01020304050 Female spawners/km Number of summer parr

9 www.fishsciences.net Estimating Smolt Capacity EF Lobster 88 – 92 Broods

10 www.fishsciences.net Parr Summer Rearing Densities (parr/m 2 ) in HLFM Version 6.1 Stream segment wetted width (m) Habitat Type <1010–<2020–<30>30 Cascades0.24000 Rapids0.140.0200 Riffles0.120.0100 Glides0.770.090.020 Trench Pools1.790.210.050.01 Plunge Pools1.510.180.040.01 Lateral Scour Pools1.740.210.050.01 Mid-channel Scour Pools1.740.210.050.01 Dam Pools1.840.220.050.01 Alcoves0.92 Beaver Ponds1.84 Backwaters1.18

11 www.fishsciences.net Estimating Parr Capacity of the Mainstem

12 www.fishsciences.net 0102030405060708090100110120130140150160170180190 5 25 15 10 30 20 35 River mile Temperature (°C) Simulated water temperatures downstream of IGD: Mean of July 3–9, 2001

13 www.fishsciences.net 0102030405060708090100110120130140150160170180190 5 25 15 10 30 20 35 River mile Temperature (°C) Refuge Dependent Habitat Flow Temperature Dependent

14 www.fishsciences.net Estimating Capacity in IGD–Shasta Reach Hypothetical Scenario WeekMean QMean TQ ScalarT ScalarK 1-Jul2,20018.01.980.8813,447 8-Jul2,00019.01.960.7311,045 15-Jul1,80019.51.880.639,061 22-Jul1,60020.01.790.517,002 29-Jul1,40020.51.670.394,979 5-Aug1,20021.01.480.283,182 12-Aug1,00022.01.190.131,159 19-Aug95021.01.110.282,391 26-Aug90021.01.040.282,235 2-Sep85020.00.970.513,776 9-Sep80020.00.890.513,493 16-Sep75019.00.820.734,625 23-Sep80018.00.890.886,055 K = min (Base*Scalar Q *Scalar T )

15 www.fishsciences.net Habitat and Capacity IGD–Shasta Reach at ~830cfs Channel Unit TypeLength Sum of Unit CapacityParr/mParr/m 2 PRIMARYPOOL23,0533,1800.140.01 RAPID2,308310.010.00 RIFFLE33,0103030.010.00 SIDE CHANNELGLIDE214140.070.77 POOL4,2463,6230.850.12 RIFFLE8,9202520.030.00 SPLITPOOL4742350.500.08 RIFFLE3,465680.020.00 TOTAL75,6907,7050.130.01

16 www.fishsciences.net Effect of Temperature on Capacity: Insect Drift Related to Velocity, Uvas Creek (Smith & Li 1982) 50 30 25 105080 Velocity (cm sec -1 ) Relative insect drift (Mayfly equivalents h -1 ) 2040607090

17 www.fishsciences.net Effect of Temperature on Capacity: Focal Velocity vs. Temperature, Rainbow Trout (Smith & Li 1982) 50 40 30 20 10 1520 Water temperature ( o C) Focal point velocity (cm sec -1 )

18 www.fishsciences.net Effect of Temperature on Capacity: Juvenile Coho Rearing and Temperature – Oregon Coast

19 www.fishsciences.net Effect of Temperature on Capacity: Capacity Scaling Function Capacity Scalar

20 www.fishsciences.net Effect of Flow on Capacity: USGS/USFWS Study Sites

21 www.fishsciences.net Effect of Flow on Capacity: Velocity Suitability Curve

22 www.fishsciences.net Effect of Flow on Capacity: Depth Suitability Curve

23 www.fishsciences.net Effect of Flow on Capacity: Suitability indices by cover type Cover TypeWDF StudyTrinityCoho IMF No cover —— 0.05 Filamentous Algae —— 0.05 Non-emergent rooted aquatic vegetation1.00 a 0.38 b 0.70 Grass/sedge/herbaceous plant0.10 c — 0.10 a Termed in this study: submerged vegetation. b Termed in this study: aquatic vegetation. c Termed in this study: grasses/bushes on bank.

24 www.fishsciences.net Flow/WUA Relationship IGD–Shasta River Q Sc = 0.46*Q SMc +0.50*Q SSc +0.04*Q SSp

25 www.fishsciences.net Flow Scalar for Capacity Mainstem flow (cfs) 5001000150020002500300035004000 Capacity scalar 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

26 www.fishsciences.net Hypothetical Scenario—Flow and Temperature Combined Effect

27 www.fishsciences.net Estimating Smolt Capacity of the Mainstem Below the Shasta

28 www.fishsciences.net Identify location of tributary confluence Estimating Refuge Capacity If tributary enters at transition between 2 units (i.e. the top or bottom of a unit) sum capacity of each unit. If tributary enters a riffle/rapid, include unit below, unless unit below is a riffle/rapid and unit above is a pool, then include the pool. If tributary enters a pool, include unit above unless another pool is below.

29 www.fishsciences.net Estimating Refuge Capacity

30 www.fishsciences.net Summer Capacity of Thermal Refugia by Reach and Population PopulationModel reach# Refugia Parr capacity Upper KlamathKlamath Mainstem 1 00 Klamath Mainstem 2 3186 Klamath Mainstem 3 6659 Subtotal9845 Mid KlamathKlamath Mainstem 4 337,834 Klamath Mainstem 5 122,302 Subtotal4510,136 Lower KlamathKlamath Mainstem 6 71,761 Subtotal71,761 Total6112,742

31 www.fishsciences.net Estimating Smolt Capacity of Tributaries

32 www.fishsciences.net Length of Habitat by Historic Population & Percentage with the 21.5°C Temperature Mask

33 www.fishsciences.net Mid Klamath Distribution & Temperature Mask

34 www.fishsciences.net Habitat Length Surveyed by Historic Population Compared to Total Habitat Available without the 21.5°C Mask

35 www.fishsciences.net Estimating Stream Smolt Capacity Estimate summer parr capacity and winter smolt capacity for surveyed reaches using HLFM. Extrapolate capacities from surveyed reaches to unsurveyed reaches. Where possible, identify streams with high temperatures and apply temperature scalar and 45% survival to summer parr capacity to reduce smolt capacity.

36 www.fishsciences.net Extrapolation from Surveyed Reaches to Unsurveyed Reaches Survey data available & ACW of surveyed and unsurveyed reaches similar (> or < 10m): – Apply the capacity of the surveyed reach to the unsurveyed reaches. – If multiple reaches surveyed, apply average capacities of surveyed reaches.

37 www.fishsciences.net Extrapolation from Surveyed Reaches to Unsurveyed Reaches Survey data unavailable or ACW of surveyed and unsurveyed reaches dissimilar: – Apply average capacity of surveyed reaches of similar size for the historic population.

38 www.fishsciences.net Average Capacities of Surveyed Reaches by Historic Population ACW <10m ACW >10m PopulationParr/kmSmolts/km Parr/kmSmolts/km Lower Klamath3,200580 3,200850 Middle Klamath3,0504903,050820 Upper Klamath1,2503503,650800 Trinity2,5005304,250850 Salmon2,6505502,650840 Scott1,400320 2,800780

39 www.fishsciences.net Mid Klamath Distribution & Surveyed Reaches

40 www.fishsciences.net Predicted Smolt Capacity by Historic Population

41 www.fishsciences.net Capacity in most of mainstem is limited to thermal refugia. Conclusions: Between IGD and Shasta River, capacity can be influenced by flow management. Juvenile capacity of the entire basin is roughly 1.7 million smolts. IP Database used to define distribution appears liberal in assigning potential habitat. Capacity estimates of tributaries could be improved with: – – Better understanding of potential distribution – – Updated stream surveys with a regionally consistent protocol – – Winter stream habitat surveys – – Expanded temperature monitoring

42 www.fishsciences.net Flow Scalar for Capacity


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