1. History of Laparoscopy
Minimally Invasive Surgery

2. The Pioneers 1
The great physician, Hippocrates of Ancient Greece( circa BC) made the original reference to a speculum to examine the rectum.

3. The Pioneers 2
In the early 1800s, Philip Bozzini of Austria examined the urethra of a patient using a simple tube and candlelight. (Basic design of Lichtleiter was a instrument for future development of endoscopes)
Segalas in Paris, John Fisher in USA, Desormeaux in Paris developed their improved cystoscopes.

4. The Pioneers 3
Bruck, a dentist, developed a platinum wire cooled by water to illuminate the inside of the mouth.
Based on Bruck design, Nitze finally developed his first improved cystoscope in 1855 in which the light rays were gathered into his instrument via mirrors.
Thomas Edison invented the incandescnt light bulb.(1879)
Newman of Glasgow miniaturzed Edison`s invention and incorporated it into the Nitze`s cystoscope(first Laparoscop).

5. The Pioneers 4
Georg Kelling of Dresden performed the first cholecystectomy in living dog(COELIOSCOPIE -1902) / the first human laparoscopy with pneumoperitoneum using room air insufflation with Nitze cystoscope.

6. The Pioneers 5
Jacobaeus of Sweden presented his series of patients who had laparoscopy in 1910 (published a series of over 100 laparoscopy and thoracoscopy(LAPAROSCOPY).

7. The Pioneers 6
Dimitri von Ott from St.Petersburg examined the intraabdominal contents and the pelvis via an inscision in the vaginal vault to insert a speculum to examine the pelvis./Gynecologic laparoscopy/ (1901)

8. Laparoscopic Surgery
Diagnostic Lap.Surgery
Advanced Lap.Surgery

9. Diagnostic tool
Laparoscopy has been used primarily as a diagnostic tool since its introduction by Kelling & Jacobaeus in the early 20th century.

10. Theraputic Tool In the field of : General Surgery
Gynaecological Surgery
Colorectal Surgery
Digestive Surgery
Morbid Obesity Surgery
Urological Surgery
Endocrine Surgery
Aortoiliac Surgery
Pediateric Surgery
Plastic Surgery

11. General Surgery Laparoscopic Billiary Surgery Inguinal Hernia Repair
Cholecystectomy
Common bile duct surgery
Inguinal Hernia Repair
TAPP
TEP
Emergency Surgery
Appendectomy
Peritonitis(Perforated Ulcer,Diverticulitis)
Small bowel obstruction

12. Pediatric Surgery Appendectomy-Pyloromyotomy-Nissen
Non Palpable testis-Varicocele
Nephrectomy-Splenectomy
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

13. Thoracoscopic Surgery
Pleural diseases
Mediastinal & Parietal Pathologies
Lung diseases
Malignancies

14. Gastric Surgery Antireflux Procedures( Nissen-Toupet-Hill )
Giant hiatus hernia
Achalasia

15. Morbid Obesity Surgery
Gastric Banding
Gastric Bypass
Vertical Band Gastroplasty
Biliopancreatic Diversion
Sleeve Gastrectomy

16. Colorectal Surgery Right Colectomy Left Colectomy
Rectal resection for cancer(TME)
Sigmoidectomy
Rectal Prolapsus Procedures(Rectopexia)
Transanal endoscopic Microsurgery(TEM)

17. Endocrine Surgery Thyroidectomy Parathyroidectomy
Transabdominal Adrenalectomy

18. Urological Surgery Pyeloplasty Pyelotomy
Uretrotomy-Uretrolyse- Uretroplasty
Burch
Cystotomy
Radical & Partial Nephrectomy
Aortic & Cava Lymphadenectomy
Illio-obturator Lymphadenectomy
Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy
Laparoscopic Prostatocystectomy
RPLND

19. Hepatic Surgery Hydatid cysts(Drainage/Resection) Biopsies
Intraoperative Sonography

20. Pancreatic Surgery
Lap. Distal Pancreatectomy

21. Splenic Surgery
Lap. Splenectomy

22. Cardiac Surgery
Transthoracoscopic Ligation of patent ductus arteriosus(PDA).
Transthoracoscopic CABG.

23. Vascular Surgery Aortoiliac Surgery
Laparoscopic Transperitoneal abdominal aortic replacement with L. renal artery direct reimplantation in pigs.
Laparoscopic Retroperitoneal replacement of abdominal Aorta in pigs.

24. Gynaecologic Surgery Diagnostic Laparoscopies Ovarian Laparoscopies
Laparoscopic Hysterectomy( LAVH / TALH )
Endometriosis
Hysteroscopic Surgeries( Uterin Malformations / Mayomas & Polips / Tubal sterilisation/ Endometrial ablations)

25. Robotic Surgery

26. Complications 1 Access related: 1-Veress needle 2-Trocar
3-Vascular injuries( grate vessels, Port site)
4-Gastrointestinal injuries
5-Urinary tract injuries

27. Complications 2
Surgery related
Instrument related